The Relationship between Native Americans and Christians

Introduction The relationship between Christianity and Native Americans has been a matter of great debate for many years. This topic has been explored in many short stories written by Americans. Among the many stories on this subject, the best example is by Louise Erdrich titled Saint Marie and another is by Leslie Marmon Silko titled The Man to Send Rain Clouds.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship between Native Americans and Christians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the two stories, the writers have discussed the topic in a way that leaves no doubt as to the nature of the relationship between Christianity and Native Americans. In The Man to Send Rain Clouds, the Christians are tolerant towards the Native Americans but the opposite is the case in Saint Marie. (Silko; Erdrich) In Leslie Marmon Silko’s story, there is a clear picture of the life lived by Native Americans. From the moment w hen the story opens, we are confronted with rituals, which seem to have been the order of the day. In the story, Ken and Leon have gone to find their grand father whom they already suspect to be dead. Just to make sure that they have everything needed to perform the ritual, the two brothers have taken the time to pack some feathers and paint which they use to decorate the old man’s hair. By tying the feather in the old man’s hair, painting his forehead with different colors, throwing corn meal in to the wind then painting his nose, the brothers hope that the old man will be able to send them rain. While all this rituals are performed, we do not see any sign of Christianity featuring anywhere. Immediately after the ritual that is meant to ensure that their grandfather sends them rain, we are able to see the first relationship between Christianity and Native Americans. When the brothers are taking their grandfather home, the brothers meet Father Paul who gestures for the m to stop. In the ensuing conversation, one is able to realize that there is respect between the two parties. To begin with, the virtue of the brothers agreeing to stop the car to chat with the priest is in itself an act of respect. Although the brothers do not necessarily agree with the priest, they are courteous in their conversation with him. This courtesy is seen when the priest castigates them for leaving Teofilo to stay out in the sheep camp alone. Instead of rebuking him for meddling in other people’s affairs, the brothers politely answer that â€Å"No, he won’t do that any more now.† (Silko)Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This relationship is also seen in the way the gravediggers begin doing their work after â€Å"the church bells rang the Angelus.† (Silko)This good relationship is further exhibited as the people head to the grave when Lou ise seems bothered about the absence of a priest in the burial. This thing keeps on bothering her until she decides to confide in Leon. Despite the many rituals that the family has undertaken, Louise feels it is important for the â€Å"priest to sprinkle holy water for Grandpa. So he won’t be thirsty.† (Silko) Despite Louise being the person who comes up with this proposal, the same thing seems to have been in Leon’s mind since he does not object to the request. Instead, the only answer he gives is â€Å"I’ll see if he’s there.† In fact, everyone seems to accept this arrangement since no one objects the presence of the priest in the graveyard. This good relationship between Christianity and Native Americans is further exhibited in the way the priest receives the request of Leon. When the priest is told of the old man’s death, all that he asks is â€Å"Why didn’t you tell me he was dead? I could have brought the Last Rites anyw ay.† (Silko)This shows that the family not being practicing Christians did not bother the priest. Although the priest at first refused to honor the summon since there had not been called to perform the Last Rites and a Funeral Mass, he later agreed to the request. As he poured the water in the grave, memories of such a ritual almost came back into the priests mind. In a strange way, the priest seems to concur with the family that the water would make the old man not to experience thirst something that pushes him â€Å"shakes the container until it is empty.† Despite the numerous rituals that the family has undertaken, Leon only believes it is the priest’s water that had the ability to make the â€Å"old man send them big thunderclouds for sure.† (Silko) Although there seems to have been a good relationship between Native Americans and Christians in The Man to Send Rain Clouds, the case is not the same in Saint Marie. From the moment the story begins, every side seems to be fighting to discredit the other. Through Marie, we get to understand that whatever it is that the Natives did was not done from a pure heart. While the characters in The Man to Send Rain Clouds seemed to believe in the God of the Christians, the same is not true with characters in Saint Marie. Right from the start, Marie who is used as a representation of the Dark One has a sole purpose of ensuring that the â€Å"nuns stoop down off their high horse to kiss† her toenails. (Erdrich)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship between Native Americans and Christians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While Father Paul uses persuasion to convince the Native Americans to join the church, the nuns in Saint Marie led by Leopolda use threats and brutality to achieve this purpose. In fact, Leopolda seems to have been so brutal such that even revelers at the local pub had to erect a poplar sta nd to ensure that there was no holy witness to their fall. This is different from Father Paul who coexisted with the locals in a very peaceful manner. Marie likens Leopolda’s attempt to get the locals to join the church to the viciousness exhibited by a Walleye when it is about to strike. (Erdrich) While Father Paul minds his own business and is willing to welcome anyone in the church, Sister Leopolda uses a â€Å"long oak pole† to drive Satan from the midst of her students. Instead of welcoming Marie in a polite manner when she decides to join the Convent, Sister Leopolda literally throws her bundle in the corner and tells her â€Å"You’ll be sleeping behind the stove.† (Erdrich) This is unlike Father Paul who is overjoyed wherever the natives decide to pay him a visit. By analyzing the two stories, it becomes clear that while the relationship between Native Americans and Christianity was good, it could get nasty at times as witnessed in Saint Marie. Con clusion The relationship between Christianity and Native Americans has been a topic of discussion among American authors for a long time. Among the authors who have discussed this topic in a deep way are Louise Erdrich and Leslie Marmon Silko whose stories titled Saint Marie and The Man to Send Rain Clouds respectively are regarded as the best examples explaining this relationship. By closely reading the stories, one is able to realize that this relationship was good but at other times, it could get nasty as witnessed in the relationship between Sister Leopolda and Marie. Works Cited Erdrich, Lousie. Saint Marie, 1984. Web. http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/erdrich/stmarie.htmAdvertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Silko, Leslie. The Man to Send Rain Clouds, n.d. Web. This essay on The Relationship between Native Americans and Christians was written and submitted by user Bryce Silva to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Moscas soliloquy in the first scene Essays

Moscas soliloquy in the first scene Essays Moscas soliloquy in the first scene Paper Moscas soliloquy in the first scene Paper Moscas soliloquy in the first scene of Act 3 is a potential goldmine for much physical humour. The effect that Mosca, the fly and Volpones servant and conniver during the play, has on the audience can be brought about through various acting techniques acted upon the words themselves in the speech or by the use of amended/added stage directions and aesthetic effects such as lighting. The latter, however, would not have been an obvious technique at the time of which Jonson wrote the play, purely on a basis of lack of technology but can still be accepted as an effective technique for contemporary productions of the play. Ultimately, humour is first derived from the actor and their effect with the lines themselves. Throughout the soliloquy, Mosca sing his own praises and uses much overtly positive language to describe himself. Words such as my and I can be stressed to draw attention to the line and effectively draw the audiences attention to what Mosca believes himself to be. This can be humorous for the audience as they begin to see how extremely arrogant and immodest Mosca is, almost rivalling the arrogance and corrupt nature of Volpone. The words should be overemphasised with great facial expressions that appear to move with every word that is said. This physical comedy will also work well on an audience and will consequently show how ironic what is being said. Another way of developing humour from such irony is from one particular word parasite. This word, and other negative words used in such a way that he speaks with contempt about others, show irony for every one is in itself describing himself. Mosca, itself, means the fly and effectively is ironic for flies are deemed parasitic insects. The humour in such irony would have had much more impact in Jonsons age than nowadays. It is also possible pauses are strategically placed through the speech to allow for the placement of certain physical comedy such as facial expressions or to simply allow the audience to generate a reaction, i. e. laughter. Through lighting, attention could be drawn to him via the means of a spotlight in which total darkness surrounds the stage except for Mosca himself. As Mosca travels from side to side of the stage, getting his attention from all of the audience therefore, the spotlight will follow and ultimately accentuate his facial expressions and physical movement as well as keep the audience entertained with the words themselves. The actor producing an ostentatious manner whilst walking across stage that shows pomposity and pretentiousness can develop more irony. This means a variety of hand gestures are to be used for great affect, whilst the sheer manner of walking must be that of he is trying to be like Volpone but is not always succeeding. Consequently at the same time, the actor must make it clear, however, through means of manner (e. g. not always conforming to such a majestic approach) that Mosca is still a servant of Volpone and although he frequently challenges the slyness of his master, he has yet to match it. An important part to note is that although Mosca can continually be humorous through this soliloquy, an important message of Moscas true identity, rather than that weve seen already whilst Volpone is present is one of evilness to which extent will be unravelled later.

Printing and the History of Printing Processes

Printing and the History of Printing Processes The earliest dated printed book known is Diamond Sutra, printed in China in 868 CE. However, it is suspected that book printing may have occurred long before this date. Back then, printing was limited in the number of editions made and nearly exclusively decorative, used for pictures and designs. The material to be printed was carved into wood, stone, and metal, rolled with ink or paint, and transferred by pressure to parchment or vellum. Books were hand copied mostly by members of religious orders. In 1452,  Johannes Gutenberga German blacksmith  craftsman, goldsmith, printer, and inventorprinted copies of the Bible on the Gutenberg press, an innovative printing press machine that used movable type. It remained the standard until the 20th century.   A Timeline of Printing 618-906:  T’ang Dynasty - The first printing is performed in China, using ink on carved wooden blocks; multiple transfers of an image to paper begins.868:  Diamond Sutra  is printed.1241:  Koreans print books using movable type.1300:  The first use of wooden type in China begins.1309:  Europeans first make  paper. However, the Chinese and Egyptians had started making paper in previous centuries.1338:  The first paper mill opened in France.1390:  The first paper mill opened in Germany.1392:  Foundries that can produce bronze type are opened in Korea.1423:  Block printing is used to print books in Europe.1452:  Metal plates are first used in printing in Europe. Johannes  Gutenberg  begins printing the Bible, which he finishes in 1456.1457:  The first color printing is produced by Fust and Schoeffer.1465:  Drypoint engravings are invented by Germans.1476:  William Caxton begins using a Gutenberg printing press in England.1477:  Intaglio is firs t used for book illustration for Flemish book Il Monte Sancto di Dio. 1495:  The first paper mill opened in England.1501:  Italic type is first used.1550:  Wallpaper is introduced in Europe.1605:  The first weekly newspaper is published in Antwerp.1611:  The King James Bible is published.1660:  Mezzotinta method of engraving on copper or steel by burnishing or scraping away a uniformly roughened surfaceis invented in Germany.1691:  The first paper mill is opened in the American colonies.1702:  Multicolored engraving is invented by German Jakob Le Blon. The first English-language daily newspaperThe Daily Courantis published called.1725:  Stereotyping  is invented by William Ged in Scotland.1800:  Iron printing presses are invented.1819:  The rotary printing press is invented by David Napier.1829:  Embossed printing is invented by  Louis Braille.1841:  The type-composing machine is invented.1844:  Electrotyping is invented.1846:  The cylinder press is invented by Richard Hoe; it can print 8,000 sheets per hour.1863:  T he rotary web-fed letterpress is invented by William Bullock. 1865:  The web offset press can print on both sides of the paper at once.1886:  The linotype composing machine is invented by Ottmar Mergenthaler.1870:  Paper is now mass-manufactured from wood pulp.1878:  Photogravure printing is invented by Karl Klic.1890:  The mimeograph machine is introduced.1891:  Printing presses can now print and fold 90,000 four-page papers per hour. Diazotypein which photographs are printed on fabricis invented.1892:  The four-color rotary press is invented.1904:  Offset lithography becomes common, and the first  comic book  is published.1907:  Commercial silk screening is invented.1947:  Phototypesetting  is made practical.59 B.C.:  Acta Diurna, the first newspaper, is published in Rome.1556:  The first monthly newspaper, Notizie Scritte, is published in Venice.1605:  The first printed newspaper published weekly in Antwerp is called Relation.1631:  The first French newspaper, The Gazette, is published.1645:  Post-och Inri kes Tidningar is published in Sweden and is still being published today, making it the worlds oldest newspaper. 1690:  The first newspaper is published in America: Publick Occurrences.1702:  The first English-language daily newspaper is published: The Daily Courant. The Courant was first published as a periodical in 1621.1704:  Considered the world’s first journalist, Daniel Defoe publishes The Review.  1803:  The first newspapers to be published in Australia include The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser.1830:  The number of newspapers published in the United States is 715.1831:  The famous abolitionist newspaper The Liberator is first published by  William Lloyd Garrison.1833:  The New York Sun newspaper costs one cent and is the beginning of the  penny press.1844:  The first newspaper is published in Thailand.1848:  The Brooklyn Freeman newspaper is first published by  Walt Whitman.1850:  P.T. Barnum starts  running newspaper ads for  Jenny Lind, the Swedish Nightingale performances in America.1851:  The United States Post Office starts of fering a cheap newspaper rate.1855:  The first newspaper published in Sierra Leone. 1856:  The first full-page newspaper ad is published in the New York Ledger. Large type newspaper ads are made popular by photographer  Mathew Brady. Machines now mechanically fold newspapers.1860:  The New York Herald starts the first morguea morgue in newspaper terms means an archive.  1864:  William James Carlton of J. Walter Thompson Company begins selling advertising space in newspapers. The J. Walter Thompson Company is the longest-running American advertising agency.1867:  The first double column advertising appears for the department store Lord Taylor.1869:  Newspaper circulation numbers are published by George P. Rowell in the first Rowells American Newspaper Directory.1870:  The number of newspapers published in the United States is 5,091.1871:  The first newspaper published in Japan is the daily Yokohama Mainichi Shimbun.  1873:  The first illustrated daily newspaper, The Daily Graphic, is published in New York.1877:  The first weather report with a map is published in Australia. The Washington Post newspaper first publishes, with a circulation of 10,000 and a cost of 3 cents per paper. 1879:  The benday processa technique for producing shading, texture or tone in line drawings and photographs by overlaying a fine screen or a pattern of dots, which is named after illustrator and printer Benjamin Dayimproves  newspapers. The first whole-page newspaper ad is placed by American department store Wanamakers.1880:  The first halftone photographShantytownis published in a newspaper.1885:  Newspapers are delivered daily by train.1887:  The San Francisco Examiner is published.1893:  The Royal Baking Powder Company becomes the biggest newspaper advertiser in the world.1903:  The first tabloid-style newspaper, The Daily Mirror, is published.1931:  Newspaper funnies now include Plainclothes Tracy, starring Dick Tracy.1933:  A battle develops between the newspaper and  radio  industries. American newspapers try to force the Associated Press to terminate news service to radio stations.1955:  Teletype-setting is used for newspapers.1967:  Newspapers use d igital production processes and begin using computers for operations. 1971:  The use of offset presses becomes common.1977:  The first public access to archives is offered by Torontos Globe and Mail.2007:  There are now 1,456 daily newspapers in the United States alone, selling 55 million copies a day.2009:  This was the worst year in decades as far as advertising revenues for newspapers. Newspapers begin moving into online versions.2010-present:resent:  Digital printing becomes the new norm, as commercial printing and publishing fade slightly due to technology.

Managers Are Increasingly Recognised As Powerful And Privileged Essay

Managers Are Increasingly Recognised As Powerful And Privileged Individuals Who Are Not Always Held Accountable For Their Actions. Should This Power Be Regulated - Essay Example One such living example is the case of MG Rover, a Britain based car company that has suffered the consequences. It is time, we learn our lessons, and along with the wings of power, render the reins of responsibility. MG Rover, apparently the last British owned mass-producer of cars in the British motor industry was established in the year 2000 by the merger of MG and Rover from BMW. At that point of time, BMW sold, rather abandoned Rover at throwaway prices. They offered an interest free loan of 427 million, repayable by 2049 to those who were willing to take it. Along with this, the buyer would be left with 350 million worth of unsold cars along with the alluring cash dowry of 112 million. This made Phoenix interested in the deal and enter the arena. The Phoenix consortium comprised of British businessmen and was headed by John Towers, former Rovers executive. They bought the company for 10, and emerged as saviors for Rover at that point of time. The organization showed a downfall as it exchanged hands, but deals like the purchase of the Qvale of Italy in 2001 went on. It collaborated with Tata, India in 2002 and also launched MG SV and SV-R in 2003, followed by launch of Rover CityRover. During its peak, the company employed approximately 170,000 workers. In the year 2004, the organization entered into talks with the Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (SAIC). A collaborative deal that was negotiated between the two companies fell through in the year 2005, forcing MG Rover into insolvency. The company entered into administration in April 2005. Because of the company's failure, 6000 workers lost their jobs and thousands of jobs in related sectors of the supply chain were threatened. Not just this, the entire economy of West Midlands suffered a blow because of the mistakes made by a handful of people. Where what went wrong The reasons why MG Rover failed were many. The car company, as it exchanged hands was almost always in troubled waters. One reason why Rover lost its brand value goes to over 25 years ago, where the cars were not as high quality. Even though efforts to improve quality were made, the brand image of a lower quality had already been built. The management was myopic in its approach and overlooked the real opportunities. Also the British public did not support the car much, as they preferred to buy foreign brands over the Britain based MG Rover. Many experts also feel that had the government rendered a timely response, much could have been saved. In May 2000, the Blair government had praised the Phoenix for its efforts for taking big risks. They had also promised everything that could be possibly done to save the company. But the response was not as timely as it could have been. The government has now however come up with the 150 million package, where workers are being paid the amount, to stay at home. However had action been taken four years ago, and the firm been nationalized, probably workers could have been paid much more in compensation. It is also an important lesson for the present government on choosing the right leaders/ managers for an organization. However actual disaster was with the management and its operations. For four years, the

White Blood Cells (WBC) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

White Blood Cells (WBC) - Research Paper Example Bone marrow is the producer of White Blood Cells. The major function of Hematopoietic stem cells, found in bone marrow, is the production of WBC. Hematopoietic stem cells have a life span of only three to four days and therefore, any deficiencies in the production of this stem cell may affect the production of WBC also. â€Å"The white blood cells have a short life cycle, living from a few days to a few weeks. A drop of blood can contain anywhere from 7,000 to 25,000 white blood cells at a time†(White Blood Cells: Battling Blood Cells, 2012). This paper analyses various features of WBC. WBC’s are found throughout our body even though it is produced in bone marrow only. In other words, WBC produced from the bone marrow, is distributed all over the body to prevent the attack of foreign materials into the body. However, WBC density in bone marrow is more than that in any other parts of the body. There are six major types of white blood cells: Basophils, Bands, Eosinophils, Lymphocytes (T cells and B cells), Monocytes and Neutrophils. The average percentage of each type in the blood is as follows: Neutrophils - 58 percent; Eosinophils - 2 percent; Basophils - 1 percent; Bands - 3 percent; Monocytes - 4 percent; Lymphocytes - 4 percent and Neutrophils - 58 percent (Bianco, 2012). Each of these WBC’s has specific functions. Neutrophils defend against bacterial infection whereas Eosinophils prevent parasitic infections. Basophils are dealing with allergic infections whereas the duty of Monocytes is to clean neutrophils. Lymphocytes play a major role in defending the body against various diseases including cancer. The number of WBC’s in blood is the indicator of whether a person has some diseases or not. In other words, if the count of WBC shows an abnormal value (more or less than the normal value), that means the person has some kind of diseases. The normal count of WBC in one liter blood is between 4?109 and 1.1?1010. â€Å"A consistentl y high number of white blood cells is a symptom of Leukemia, a cancer of the blood. A Leukemia patient may have as many as 50,000 white blood cells in a single drop of blood†. (White Blood Cells: Battling Blood Cells, 2012). â€Å"In diseases such as measles, pertussis and sepsis, the increase in white blood cells is so dramatic that the picture resembles leukemia† (White Blood Cell Count (WBC) and Differential, 2006) Whenever a germ or infection enters the body, the white blood cells snap to attention and race toward the scene of the crime. The white blood cells are continually on the lookout for signs of disease. When a germ does appear, the white blood cells have a variety of ways by which they can attack. Some will produce protective antibodies that will overpower the germ. Others will surround and devour the bacteria (White Blood Cells: Battling Blood Cells, 2012). Neutrophils and monocytes use several mechanisms in their fight against the intrusion of foreign bodi es in our body. â€Å"They kill bacteria by a process called phagocytosis, in which they completely surround the bacteria and digest them with digestive enzymes. They can phagocytize five to 20 bacteria in their lifetime†(Bianco, 2012). Stroncek et al. (2011) pointed out that â€Å"White blood cells (WBCs) collected from hematopoietic stem cell are often given to patients who has problems in maintaining the normal WBC count in blood† (Stroncek et al., 2011, p.2647). It should be noted that bone marrow transplant is the most effective option in fighting against blood cancer. Stem cell research is one of the most rapidly developing fields in medical science and many people believe that the

Global Systems Development Corporation Essay Example for Free

Global Systems Development Corporation Essay GSDC is a software development firm with sales, marketing, and project offices in major cities of North America. We provide a global project management services, on-site personnel as needed for design, and testing and liaison with teams of developers in India and Eastern Europe. GSDC is known to have extensive experience in website development and have completed several successful websites implementation for institutions of higher education. Background and analysis STI has been working with GSDC to implement the new website, and GSDC views STI as a premier customer. As the project has unfolded, however, cost overruns and delays have occurred. STI claims that GSDC underbid the project and was too optimistic in its bid and project plan. Time has been lost and the project has cost overruns to date of $200,000. Given todays  date and the need to have the site in place, STI management has clearly articulated that the new website must be up and running within 60 days of the beginning of these negotiations. Proposed goals, objectives, target population and implementation plan Considering the state of the project we are about 75% complete and we can finish the project under tight constraints. GSDC is the most knowledgeable and with only 25% left of the project left to complete we believe that the completion of the project by GSDC would benefit both parties. Both sides can take a â€Å"lessons† learned. Considering the work completed there is not much left of the project to scope and our confident that we can finish out the final pieces and components of the website. The value in continuing the relationships shows that both companies have a level of professionalism and a can do attitude that is admirable in the business world. The most important consideration for GSDC is that we meet our clients’ needs and that the customer is satisfied with the finished product. The must complete the website for the negation to be considered successful. Annual project budget Organization HISTORY, MISSION, Vision and Structures STI Institute is located in the Midwest offering wide ranges of programs in arts and sciences, business, and education programs. The school includes a variety of Master’s Degree programs, and continuing education for the community. The institute Attracts over 6,000 students annually, 5,000 undergraduates, 1,000 graduate students, as well as part-time students in the Midwestern region including local and state. We have been working with GSDC to implement the new website, and we both agree that the project costs are over budget. There has been too much time delay, and we need to come to an agreement to finish within 60 days of beginning negotiations. Proposed goals, objectives, target population and implementation plan Project is almost at completion but with the communications between both parties not being clear on requirements. After reviewing the complaints from GSDC the overall solution will agree upon STI select few to work closely with GSDC personnel to exchange ideas and come to a resolution. We will clarify requirements, support the on-site and remote development teams, and perform timely testing. In order to be 100 % complete within the 60 day period. The value in continuing the relationships shows that both companies have a level of professionalism and a can do attitude that is admirable in the  business world. Once everything is agreed upon we suggest we have are selected personnel to video conference with GSDC on an agreed time to make sure the progress is underway. Therefore if there’s any changes to be made it in constant overview and finished in time.

Perversion :: essays research papers

Dermott O'Flanagan Sexual Ethics Paper The issues of sexual ethics in relation to morality and perversion have been addressed in depth by each of the gentleman at this table. Sexual activity as described by Solomon and Nagle is comprised of a moral standard and ‘naturalness’ aspect. So, in claiming an act is perverted we must first examine it through a moral framework and understand how this interacts with the ‘naturalness’ of a particular act. Solomon makes the distinction as follows â€Å"Perversion is an insidious concept†¦To describe an activity as perverse is not yet a full blown moral condemnation, for it need not entail that one ought not to indulge in such activities.† Along with the examination of the nature of an act, there must be clear justification as to why sexual acts deserve special separate ethical principles. The question arises: does an act simply due to its sexual nature deserve a separate form of moral inquisition than other acts that occur in nature? In this essa y I shall argue that perversion and immorality are not mutually exclusive. By this I mean that a sexual act that is, by my definition, immoral must also be perverted. It is also my contention that if an act is perverted we must also define it as immoral. This second part of the argument is contrary to what many of you have claimed. At the outset of this paper I would also like to state my support of Thomas Nagel’s argument holding that the connection between sex and reproduction has no bearing on sexual perversion. (Nagel 105) I will begin first with the idea that sexual behavior should not be granted its own moral code. Sexual ethics only makes sense if sexuality plays a unique role in human life. If procreation has significance precisely because it is a contribution to God's ongoing work of creation, sexuality is supremely important and must be governed by restrictive rules, which would therefore prohibit sexual acts that are not for procreative purposes. This justification of sexuality as a unique aspect of human life, however, is dependent on a theological claim that there exists a God who micro manages the sexual lives of individuals. Without the presence of such a God, there can exist no separate restrictive rules on the nature of sexual acts. Even if we grant that there is a God, most people will agree that sex is more often used as a way to intensify the bond between two people and therefor sex is the ultimate trust and intimacy that you can share with a person.

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and How it can Help Jane

She is co-habiting with her fiance © of here months whom she plans to wed later In the year, although no date has yet been finalized. This client self referred to ‘Care In Crisis' as she had heard about the organization through a friend and felt she ‘needed to talk. ‘ During the initial assessment she disclosed that her mother had passed away as a result of cancer in March of this year, hence her reason in coming for counseling is to help deal with the bereavement issues surrounding this. Since loosing her mother she has felt very low and misses her terribly as they were very close.Furthermore, Jane also feels that t is starting to take its toll on other relationships in her life as she finds herself snapping at people. She also stated that she has low self esteem and has barely any confidence In herself. Her goals in coming for counseling are to be able to accept her mother's death as well as building her self esteem and confidence. Firstly I feel that some Cogni tive Behavioral Therapy approaches may work well in overcoming Cane's needs. â€Å"Psychoacoustics and normalizing Interventions are frequently used In ACT and CB. Bach & Hayes (2002) I can see that they are relational interventions because they involve teaching people new relations. I believe it would be beneficial to psycho educate her on the ‘seven stages of grief. ‘ My alma In doing so would be to help Jane make sense of the emotions she is going through and to help her understand that they are perfectly normal, in other words ‘normalizing. ‘ As well as using some CB approaches I would choose to remain faithful to the Integrative model which at the heart lies the person centered approach. One of the key concepts within this approach is self actualization.This is the belief that as humans we will pursue what Is best for us as Introduced by Mason In 1943 and his famous hierarchy of needs. ‘ He himself refers to self actualization as; â€Å"The desir e for self fulfillment, namely the tendency for him [the individual] to become actualities in what he Is potentially. This tendency might be phrased as the desire to become more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming. † Mason (1943) Research does support the notion of self actualities tendency (Sheldon & Elliot 1999) and I can also recognize it in myself.In actual fact, recognition of my self actualities tendency has helped me understand some of my self destructive behaviors, which ere introduced in my younger self. I'm hoping that this will also be the case with Jane. I consider this client to be very self aware which will aid her in self actualities myself as the therapist needs to ensure that I am offering Rogers' core conditions of; empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard, in doing so I will be assisting her on her Journey. I will aim to be real and genuine and by doing so I hope my client will experience something of my â €˜real self. Furthermore I will try my most best to see things from their frame of reference without being influenced by my own feelings and experiences. In the first counseling session I contracted with Jane and explained the limitations with confidentiality such as disclosing anything which breaks the law or child protection issues. I also stated that I was a member of the BACK. By doing the above I feel that I was demonstrating safe work and professional practice. I used active listening skills as well as non verbal communication in the form of small nods to show that I was tentatively engaging with my client's story.The head nod is the most common gesture in listening â€Å"Small ones to show continued attention, larger and repeated ones to indicate agreement. Argyle (1992) I felt it important to show to my client that I was engaged with her telling her story as she mentioned in the initial session that she has never been able to open up to anyone before since her mum has pa ssed. The majority of the first session was spent just staying with my client and giving her the space she needed to talk out loud about what sort of a person her mother had been and the lead up to her death.As a counselor I used skills such as active listening, restating and paraphrasing to demonstrate this, as I felt these were the appropriate skills needed in order to meet he client's needs. It is safe to say that in this session I was safely following Cane's lead without prescribing any particular interventions. In session two my client reported a little change since our last session saying she had felt heard' and that it was a ‘release' as she had been keeping everything to herself.By following my empathic hunch it opened up a lot of unfinished business regarding my client wanting to share and tell her mother things but had not had the chance to. Therefore this prompted my decision to suggest the CB approach of writing a letter to her deceased mother n her own time and if she wished she had the opportunity of sharing it in the session. This is something Jane was very keen on doing and would maybe even consider doing it that week if she got the chance. I can see that the letter writing process is therefore collaborative and would enable her to work at her own pace while also facilitating client empowerment.This would be important in helping to build her self-esteem and confidence which are areas she is lacking in. In session three my client reported that she had written the letter to her mother and was eager to read it out. In the letter my client acknowledged many of her repressed feelings and by writing the letter she was maybe able to process them in a way she could not have in the therapy session. Zimmerman & Shepherd have stated; â€Å"We use therapeutic letters to help the patient to identify difficult feelings, processing them in another way than in a therapy session, with the chance of the patients to be finally free from these feelings.The letter writing can allow a physical way for the problem to be externalities, named and then confronted. † Zimmerman & Shepherd (1993) In the letter she also touched on the feelings she was experiencing now months after ere mother's passing. At this point I normalized them for her by telling her there is feelings we may experience after loosing a loved one. I felt it in Cane's best interest, which is in keeping with the ethical principle of beneficence to psycho-educate her on the ‘Seven stages of grief by giving her a sheet which had been given to me by my supervisor.This would help her make sense of how she is feeling and it would also provide hope for her as one of the later stages is acceptance. In the forth session Jane talked about her goals, both short and long term. She acknowledged that whilst t was her mother at first who pushed her towards loosing weight for various health reasons, she now wanted to pursue her own goal of trying to loose some weight for her wed ding day so that she could fit into her dream dress. I got a strong sense that the ‘configurations of self were being peeled back and the ‘real self was coming through, which Rogers theorized.By doing so she was closer to self actualization. In session five we explored Cane's lack of confidence and self esteem. It was evident that she had a low self concept of her physical appearance and dress sense. Although she ad received a compliment earlier in the week from a friend about how well she looked she perceived that the comment was made merely out of sympathy. As the therapist I got my client to explore this and by doing so we were able to get to the core of this view. It turned out that as a child she overheard her aunt telling her uncle that she had only told Jane her dress was lovely out of pity.It is said that; â€Å"Experiences are accurately perceived as meeting the needs of the core self or being consistent with the self concept and reinforcing it. † Acreage (2010) It is therefore fair to say that Jane could not accept the compliment from her friend s being genuine as she was being true to her self concept. I offered the concept of looking for evidence borrowed from Cognitive theory in order to challenge her self concept. It appeared that there was no other evidence to support her views that compliments were only given to her out of pity, apart from the incident with her aunt.When we looked into this further her aunt said this around the time her parents were not getting on which prompted the possibility that her aunt may have been saying it to comfort her in a difficult time. The client came up with this conclusion resell and I remained faithful to my integrative model which at the foundation has a profound respect for the client and their ability to construct their own views. Adapted from ‘The Theory and Practice of Counseling the ability to function and process experiences can result in being either low functioning or high fun ctioning.I considered Jane to meet the criteria for low functioning which means; â€Å"Low functioning people are out of touch with their valuing processes. In these areas their self concept is based on conditions of worth which cause them to ignore/deny or distort the experience. Nelson Jones (1992) Through challenging and looking for evidence I was aiming for Jane to become higher functioning. At the end of this session I talked to my client about the possibility of audio recording our next session if she agreed to it.I felt it was in her best interest to give some notice rather than asking her on the day of recording so that it did not come as a shock or disorientate her. Fortunately Jane agreed for our next session to be taped. It was the sixth session with this client that was recorded. I made sure to training purposes so that she did not think it was some sort of test on her. At this point I was demonstrating safe work as I wanted to provide a non threatening environment for her. At present I attend a supervisor who is based a few miles outside of the town I undertake my placement with.Firstly, her geographical location is convenient because when I am at placement I can call and see my supervisor when I am finished. This is beneficial as I find things tend to be much fresher in my mind if I see her on the day I have had clients. In additional her name was on the approved list issued by the college, this meant she was BACK approved to supervise therefore I to satisfaction from this knowing she worked ethically and had experience of supervision with students. Moreover because she was approved by the college meant she was familiar with the course requirements and as a result could effectively support my learning.Prior to choosing a supervisor I had some requirements including at least ten years experience of counseling and I wanted someone who worked from an integrative perspective, my supervisor met both of these. On first meeting my supervisor I feel tha t there was a connection so I instantly felt comfortable. Before commencing supervision I had the view that they would be like a joss, however now that I have been several times this view has been diminished and I consider my supervisor as someone to consult with.I get a strong sense of being facilitated and supported by my supervisor. For example while working with this client I had limited experience of working with bereavement so my supervisor gave me a book which would support my counseling, in addition I was facilitated by being given a sheet on the ‘seven stages of grief which I could give to my client. At first with Jane I was working from a person centered approach because I felt unfamiliar tit bereavement and felt this was a safe angle for me to work from.With the support and guidance I received at supervision I was able to change my approach with this client by being more integrative. I was able to bring in some Cognitive interventions which I do not feel I could hav e done confidentially on my own without the aid of my supervision sessions. My supervisor is quite directive in the sense that if I do something effective in the sessions she will acknowledge my style of practice and vice versa if I do something that may not have worked so well she will then encourage me to challenge this and look at alternatives.As a result of this my confidence has grown and I feel a little more competent in my role as a counselor to the point that I would trust my intuition with regards making appropriate decisions with my client work. By continuous supervision I hope to learn and grow as a counselor as well as developing new techniques and interventions and as a result improve the value I provide to my clients. Since working with Jane I feel that I have grown personally as I have increased awareness around death and bereavement.It is inevitable that I will loose a loved one at some point throughout my life. By hearing all about Cane's grief of loosing her mother I feel I will be more prepared if I am faced with the death of someone close to me. My own mother has battled with health problems for the most part of her life and has been under close supervision of the medical profession especially in recent months. Having worked with this client has brought me in sync with reality and now I can see that there is a chance I may loose my own mother soon.My work with Jane has prepared me a little if this does happen come with it. Furthermore working with Jane has taught me to appreciate the people I m close to in my life and I have learnt to cherish every moment with them as they could very easily be taken away. As a mother myself to a three year old boy, I feel I have made more time for him knowing how precious he is to me. Professionally I have also developed at a result of working with Jane.In order to meet her needs I took part in a one day course held at my placement organization which was based on bereavement. From this I learnt the various techniques and skills required when working with this client. Not only did this course help me when working with Jane but t will also help me when counseling clients with similar situation. Also a fellow peer in my placement shared a poem about loss with me. I was very appreciative of this and felt it may be of benefit to my client as she is artistic and creative.I shared it with Jane in one of the sessions and she informed me that she got great comfort from it. The following week she told me that had put it on her fridge so that every time she opens the door she can read it. I can safely say that support from my peers has helped with my client work and as a result helped me to develop professionally. In he first counseling session with Jane we engaged in contracting. A contract can be defined as â€Å"A mutual agreement negotiated between the client and the counselor prior to commencing counseling. Provence (2008) I made sure it articulated my responsibilities towards the client a nd also the client's responsibilities in the counseling relationship. I made sure to inform Jane about the strict confidentiality policy that counselors abide by and told her about the exceptions to this such as breaking child protection or the law as it would not be ethical for me to withhold this information. In addition to this if the client disclosed that she was of risk to herself I could not keep this to myself as this would not be in keeping with the Backs ethical principle of non-maleficent.By informing her of this I was hoping to provide a safe environment for her to share her story but at the same time letting her know the boundaries. I was also letting her know that I was obeying the ethical principle of fidelity. The importance of the contract became apparent in session four, in which my client disclosed that her mother had been one of the only women she had ever really gotten along with and that in general she did not get on tit women. This prompted my decision of using the skill of immediacy to establish what our relationship was like for the client with me being a woman.It was reassuring to learn that I was not like most other women she had encountered as I was not Judgmental or bitchy. This proved to me that I was working in an ethical manner and respecting my client's autonomy. When I first began keeping notes they were rather long and detailed, however now I have learnt to keep concise and factual notes. I recognize the importance of not noting opinions or Judgments in the notes n the off chance they may be called for in a court hearing.Each client's notes are kept in their own personal folder which is kept in a locked filing cabinet in a locked room and each client is identified with a seven digit code. This ensures maximum confidentiality which is in keeping with the ethical framework principle of fidelity. In an emergency for example if I died and client's notes needed to be accessed the receptionist could identify the client by searching the code on the computer system. Respect that the client has the right to be self governing which is in keeping with the ethical principle of autonomy.

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 2

Bating him or doing something with his teeth. Tearing and sucking. Making noises like Pal did when he ate his dog food. For a moment Rashel was frozen. The whole world had changed and everything seemed like a dream. Then she heard somebody screaming and her throat hurt and she knew it was her. And then the tall man looked at her. He lifted his head and looked. And she knew that his face alone was going to give her nightmares forever. Not that he was ugly. But he had hair as red as blood and eyes that shone gold, like an animal's. There was a light in them that was like nothing she had ever seen. She ran then. It was wrong to leave Timmy, but she was too scared to stay. She wasn't brave; she was a baby, but she couldn't help it. She was still screaming as she turned around and darted through the flap in the tent. Almost darted through. Her head and shoulders got outside and she saw the red plastic tubes rising above her-and then a hand clamped on the back of her Gymboree shirt. A big strong hand that stopped her in midflight. Rashel was as helpless as a baby kitten against it. But just as she was dragged back into the tent, she saw something. Her mother. Her mother was coming around the corner of the climbing structure. She'd heard Rashel screaming. Her mother's eyes were big and her mouth was open, and she was moving fast. She was coming to save Rashel. â€Å"Mommeeeeeeeee!† Rashel screamed, and then she was back inside the tent. The man threw her to one side the way a kid at preschool would throw a piece of crumpled paper. Rashel landed hard and felt a pain in her leg that normally would have made her cry. Now she hardly noticed it. She was staring at Timmy, who was lying on the ground near her. Timmy looked strange. His body was like a rag doll's-arms and legs flopped out. His skin was white. His eyes were staring straight up at the top of the tent. There were two big holes in his throat, with blood all around them. Rashel whimpered. She was too frightened to scream anymore. But just then she saw white daylight, and a figure in front of it. Mommy. Mommy was pulling the tent flap open. Mommy was inside, looking around for Rashel. That was when the worst thing happened. The worst and the strangest, the thing the police never believed when Rashel told them later. Rashel saw her mother's mouth open, saw her mother looking at her, about to say something. And then she heard a voice-but it wasn't Mommy's voice. And it wasn't an out-loud voice. It was inside her head. Wait! There's nothing wrong here. But you need to stand very, very still. Rashel looked at the tall man. His mouth wasn't moving, but the voice was his. Her mother was looking at him, too, and her expression was changing, becoming relaxed and . . . stupid. Mommy was standing very, very still. Then the tall man hit Mommy once on the side of the neck and she fell over and her head flopped the wrong way like a broken doll. Her dark hair was lying in the dirt. Rashel saw that and then everything was even more like a dream. Her mother was dead. Timmy was dead. And the man was looking at her. You're not upset, came the voice in her head. You ‘re not frightened. You want to come right here. Rashel could feel the pull of the voice. It was drawing her closer and closer. It was making her still and not afraid, making her forget her mother. But then she saw the tall man's golden eyes and they were hungry. And all of a sudden she remembered what he wanted to do to her. Not me! She jerked away from the voice and dove for the tent flap again. This time she got all the way outside. And she threw herself straight at the gap in the climbing structure. She was thinking in a different way than she had ever thought before. The Rashel that had watched Mommy fall was locked away in a little room inside her, crying. It was a new Rashel who wiggled desperately through the gap in the padded room, a smart Rashel who knew that there was no point in crying because there was nobody who cared anymore. Mommy couldn't save her, so she had to save herself. She felt a hand grab her ankle, hard enough almost to crush her bones. It yanked, trying to drag her back through the gap. Rashel kicked backward with all her strength and then twisted, and her sock came off and she pulled her leg into the padded room. Come back! You need to come back right now! The voice was like a teacher's voice. It was hard not to listen. But Rashel was already scrambling into the plastic tube in front of her. She went faster than she ever had before, hurting her knees, propelling herself with her bare foot. When she got to the first fish-bowl window, I though, she saw a face looking in at her. It was the tall man. He was staring at her. He I banged on the plastic as she went by. Fear cracked in Rashel like a belt. She scrambled I faster, and the knocks on the tube followed her. He was underneath her now. Keeping up with I her. Rashel passed another window and looked down. She could see his hair shining in the sunlight. She could see his pale face looking up at her. And his eyes. Come down, came the voice and it wasn't stem anymore. It was sweet. Come down and we'll go get some ice cream. What kind of ice cream do you like best? Rashel knew then that this was how he'd gotten Timmy into the tent. She didn't even pause in her scrambling. But she couldn't get away from him. He was traveling with her, just under her, waiting for her to come out or get to a place where he could reach in and grab her. Higher. I need to get higher, she thought. She moved instinctively, as if some sixth sense was telling her which way to turn each time she had a choice. She went through angled tubes, straight tubes, tubes that weren't solid at all, but made of woven canvas strips. And finally she got to a place where she couldn't go any higher. It was a square room with a padded floor and netting sides. She was at the front of the climbing structure; she could see mothers and fathers standing and sitting in little groups. She could feel the wind. Below her, looking up, was the tall man. Chocolate brownie? Mint chip? Bubble gum? The voice was putting pictures in her mind. Tastes. Rashel looked around frantically. There was so much noise-every kid in the climbing structure was yelling. Who would even notice her if she shouted? They'd think she was joking around. All you have to do is come down. You know you have to come down sometime. Rashel looked into the pale face turned up to her. The eyes were like dark holes. Hungry. Patient. Certain. He knew he was going to get her. He was going to win. She had no way to fight him. And then something tore inside Rashel and she did the only thing a five-year-old could do against an adult. She shoved her hand between the rough cords that made the netting, scraping off skin. She pushed her whole small arm through and she pointed down at the tall man. And she screamed in a way she'd never screamed before. Piercing shrieks that cut through the happy noise of the other kids. She screamed the way Ms. Bruce at preschool had taught her to do if any stranger ever bothered her. â€Å"Help meeee! Help meeee! That man tried to touch me I† She kept screaming it, kept pointing. And she saw people look at her. But they didn't do anything. They just stared. Lots of faces, looking up at her. Nobody moving. In a way, it was even worse than anything that had happened before. They could hear her, but nobody was going to help her. And then she saw somebody moving. It was a big boy, not quite a grown-up man. He was wearing a uniform like the one Rashel's father used to wear before he died. That meant he was a Marine. He was going toward the tall man, and his face was dark and angry. And now, as if they had only needed this example, other people were moving, too. Several men who looked like fathers. A woman with a cellular phone. The tall man turned and ran. He ducked under the climbing structure, heading toward the back, toward the tent where Rashel's mother was. He moved very fast, much faster than any of the people in the crowd. But he sent words to Rashel's mind before he disappeared completely. See you later. When he was definitely gone, Rashel slumped against the netting, feeling the rough cord bite into her cheek. People down below were calling to her; kids just behind her were whispering. None of it really mattered. She could cry now; it would be okay, but she didn't seem to have any tears. The police were no good. There were two officers, a man and a woman. The woman believed Rashel a little. But every time her eyes would start to believe, she'd shake her head and say, â€Å"But what was the man really doing to Timmy? Baby-doll, sweetie, I know it's awful, but just try to remember.† The man didn't believe even a little. Rashel would have traded them both for the Marine back at the carnival. All they'd found in the tent was her mother with a broken neck. No Timmy. Rashel wasn't sure but she thought the man had probably taken him. She didn't want to think about why. Eventually the police drove her to her Aunt Corinne's, who was the only family she had left now. Aunt Corinne was old and her bony hands hurt Rashel's arms when she clutched her and cried. She put Rashel in a bedroom full of strange smells and tried to give her medicine to make her sleep. It was like cough syrup, but it made her tongue numb. Rashel waited until Aunt Corinne was gone, then she spat it into her hand and wiped her hand on the sheets, way down at the foot of the bed where the blankets tucked in. And then she put her arms around her hunched-up knees and sat staring into the darkness. She was too little, too helpless. That was the problem. She wasn't going to be able to do anything against him when he came back. Because of course he was coming back. She knew what the man was, even if the adults didn't believe her. He was a vampire, just like on TV. A monster that drank blood. And he knew she knew. That was why he'd promised to see her later. At last, when Aunt Corinne's house was quiet, Rashel tiptoed to the closet and slid it open. She climbed the shoe rack and squirmed and kicked until she was on the top shelf above the clothes. It was narrow, but wide enough for her. That was one good thing about being little. She had to use every advantage she had. With her toe, she slid the closet door back shut. Then she piled sweaters and other folded things from the shelf on top of herself, covering even her head. And finally she curled up on the hard bare wood and shut her eyes. Sometime in the night she smelled smoke. She got down from the shelf-falling more than climbing-and saw flames in her bedroom. She never knew exactly how she managed to run through them and get out of the house. The whole night was like one long blurred nightmare. Because Aunt Corinne didn't get out. When the fire trucks came with their sirens and their flashing lights, it was already too late. And even though Rashel knew that he had set the fire-the vampire-the police didn't believe her. They didn't understand why he had to kill her. In the morning they took her to a foster home, which would be the first of many. The people there were nice, but Rashel wouldn't let them hold her or comfort her. She already knew what she had to do. If she was going to survive, she had to make herself hard and strong. She couldn't care about anybody else, or trust anybody, or rely on anybody. Nobody could protect her. Not even Mommy had been able to do that. She had to protect herself. She had to learn to fight.

How to Use Sentence Connectors to Show Contrast

How to Use Sentence Connectors to Show Contrast Once you have mastered the basics of correct usage in written English, you will want to express yourself in increasingly complex ways. One of the best ways to improve your writing style is to use sentence connectors. Sentence connectors are used to express relationships between ideas and to combine sentences. The use of these connectors will add sophistication to your writing style. After you study these constructions, take the  contrasting ideas quiz  to check your understanding. Common Connectors for Contrast Type of Connector Connector(s) Examples Coordinating conjunction but High level positions are stressful at times, but the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. Subordinating conjunctions whereas, while While high level positions are stressful at times, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. Conjunctive adverbs in contrast, on the other hand High level positions are stressful at times; on the other hand, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. Prepositions unlike Unlike the undesirable stress of high level positions, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed. Common Constructions for Contrast Formula Example Explanation the main statement, but contrasting statement Id really like to come to the film, but I have to study tonight. Use a comma or semicolon (;) with but. But is the most common way to show contrasting ideas. the main statement, in spite of contrasting statement OR in spite of contrasting statement, main statement They continued on their journey, in spite of the pouring rain. Use in spite of plus a noun, noun phrase or gerund the main statement, despite contrasting statement OR Despite the contrasting statement, main statement They continued on their journey, despite the pouring rain. Use despite plus a noun, noun phrase or gerund the main statement, although contrasting statement OR Although contrasting statement, main statement We wanted to buy a sports car, although we knew that fast cars can be dangerous. Use although with a subject and a verb. Learn More About Sentence Connectors Sentence Connectors: AdditionSentence Connectors: OppositionSentence Connectors: Cause / EffectSentence Connectors: Comparison

Advantages and disadvantages of E-business

Advantages and disadvantages of E-business Using Internet technology to provide improved customer service, make more efficient business processes, increase sales, and reduce wastage is called E-business. E-business uses the internet tools such as websites, online banking, and web based customer relationship. Advantages of E-Business: There are many benefits an organisation can get with having an E-Business solution for the business. Worldwide Presence: The major advantage of engaging business online, to have presence nationwide or worldwide. IBM uses the e-business term to provide services to the customer and was one of the first companies uses this term. Dell Inc. and Amazon are the other success stories using E-Business to flourish their business. Cost Effective Marketing and Promotions: using internet to market products is a very nominal method which guarantees the worldwide reach. Pay per click advertising is a effective technique which ensure the business only pay for the advertisement that actually viewed. Better Custo mer Service: E-Business has change the customer services image enormously. Number of customers can visit or the website at same time. Some website have online chat feature to help the customer to find out more about the product they are interested in. moreover orders can be placed online by processing payments securely over the internet and products can be shipped to the customer. In this case customers even do not have to leave the house. Disadvantages of E-Business: Even above mentioned advantages there are some disadvantages of the E-Business. Some of them are listed below. Sartorial limitation: the main disadvantage of E-Business is lack of growth in some sectors i.e. food. Consumer prefers to look the food products physically before buying. Costly maintenance: substantial recourses are required to setup online business which requires computer upgrade, personnel trainings and website upgrade. This can be a disadvantage for some organisation. Security concern: The security concer ns also lead to privacy issue. There are many examples of contact lists and personal details were hacked or exposed due to weak E-Business system security. Virus threat. Physical products constrain. Perishable goods. Types of business organisation: There are two major types of the business. Private sector: Private firms are owned and run by private individual. There is further classification in private sector firms. Sole traders: A sole trader owns and runs a business. They contribute capital to start the enterprise, run it with or without employees, and earn the profits or stand the losses of the venture. Sole traders are found mainly in the retail trades (local newsagents), small scale service industries (plumbers), and small manufacturing and craft industries. Advantages: Easy to setup Can keep all the profits Make key decision. Flexibility Disadvantages: Unlimited liability Limited access to capital Pressure of being solely responsible. Partnership: Partnership is defined as â⠂¬Ëœthe relation who subsists between persons carrying on a business in common with a view of profit’. A partnership is not a separate legal person distinct from its members; it is merely a ‘relation’ between persons. Each partner (there must be at least two) is usually personally liable for all the debts of the firm.

Motivation and success in learning Research Paper - 1

Motivation and success in learning - Research Paper Example For a teacher to create an environment of learning in the classroom that is more student-centered, it is imperative that the out-of-school practices of students are capitalized upon. An essential and common component of the practices out of school is the use of computers in some form. Not all schools provide students with equal access to computers or the Internet. In addition to that, many schools have taken long to capitalize on the computers’ use in order to engage the identities carried by the students outside the school and to improve the experiences of students’ learning. Some of the ways in which teachers can capitalize on the out of school activities of the students is to encourage them to prepare lessons from e-books that they can study on Kindle and Tablet. Students should be encouraged to use interactive media like Skype while doing the classroom tasks as a group when they have to be in different locations. Involving the use of computers in the educational set up is imperative in the present age because it makes the students feel empowered. Students tend to think that they are studying in an advanced system and hence do not underestimate the tendency of their educational institution to empower them to the extent where they can compete with others both academically and professionally on the global scale. Implications of the use of computers as a strategy to improve students’ motivation are increased need to monitor and supervise the students so that it can be ensured that students are making right use of the technological resources rather than using them for leisure or personal activities. Although the strategy of using computers to inculcate intrinsic motivation in the students is quite effective, yet it is important to consider the novelty of such activities of learning while planning for and