Treatment of diabetes Essay Example For Students

Treatment of diabetes Essay Diabetes mellitus is brought about by an insufficiency in the emission or activity of insulin. Almost six percent of the United States populace gives some level of variation from the norm in glucose digestion demonstrative of diabetes or a propensity toward the condition. Diabetes mellitus is a gathering of infections wherein the administrative movement of insulin is faulty. There are two significant clinical classes of the ailment. Theres type I, which is insulin-subordinate diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and type II, which is non-insulin subordinate diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). IDDM starts from the get-go throughout everyday life and rapidly gets serious. NIDDM is delayed to create, milder, and frequently goes unrecognized. IDDM requires insulin treatment and cautious, deep rooted control of the harmony between glucose admission and insulin portion. Trademark side effects of diabetes are exorbitant thirst (polydipsia) and incessant pee (polyuria), prompting admission of enormous volumes of water. Likewise, extreme yearning and food utilization (polyphagia). These progressions are because of discharge of a lot of glucose in the pee. The term diabetes mellitus implies unnecessary discharge of sweet pee. Suspected qualities that cause IDDM are limited on numerous chromosomes, indicating that type I diabetes is a multigene immune system reaction. A few examiners accept the insusceptible framework is confounded. They feel that the pancreatic beta cells could be perceived as an outsider element in view of past introduction to a remote substance that had comparative proteins to the beta cells. Its accepted that T cells target and protein glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) present in the beta cells. Stray coverts the amino corrosive glutamate into aminobutyric corrosive (GABA), an emissary between neurons. Stray is situated in the cerebrum escaped the insusceptible framework. Agents are indicating that the invulnerable framework may not remember it as a self-protein. Stray looks like the (p69) protein that beta cells show when they are tainted by infections. Stray plays a significant, yet it isnt the whole answer. A gathering of mice arranged to create diabetes were infused with GAD before the immune system reaction on the pancreas started and all the mice infused with GAD got away from advancement of diabetes. The effects of IDDM make the patients illnesses increasingly troublesome to control. They as a rule have vascular and neural issues. Vascular issues that influence IDDM patients are strokes, renal shutdown, gangrene, coronary failures, and visual impairment that could happen on account of the high fat substance in the blood and high blood cholesterol levels. Neurological issues that emerge from IDDM are loss of sensation, weakness and harmed bladder capacities. In ladies, their bosoms are uneven and experience early menopause. NIDDM happens for the most part after the age of forty. Its a heterogeneous, dynamic issue portrayed by pathogenic deformities in insulin discharge and activity. Around a quarter to 33% of Americans have a quality that influences them too the malady. For instance, in the event that one indistinguishable twin has NIDDM, the possibility of the other twin having the sickness would be a 100%. In NIDDM, the patients insulin receptors dont work any longer, however they are as yet ready to deliver insulin. Examiners accept a film protein is dependable. They think its PC-1 on the grounds that in NIDDM patients, its levels are higher contrasted with a normal individual. Presently we might be asking why NIDDM patients need to eat less carbs and exercise, well about 90% of them are stout. This happens in light of the fact that the fat cells over produce a hormone like concoction tumor corruption factor-alpha. What this does is stifle the union of a protein glut4, which empowers glucose to experience films. In the event that glut4 is absent, the cells cannot take up the glucose. In todays showcase, there are a ton of remedies that are accessible to check the deficiencys of IDDM and NIDDM patients. Such medications are Actos, Starlix, Glucophage, and Avandia, which increment insulin gathering for NIDDM, and Glipizide, Glyburide, Tolinase, and Tolbutmide, which increment insulin creation for IDDM patients. For individuals who have IDDM, they need to infuse themselves with insulin four times each day to diminish vascular and renal difficulties. .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b , .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b .postImageUrl , .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b , .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b:hover , .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b:visited , .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b:active { border:0!important; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b:active , .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b .focused content region { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-beautification: underline; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u22c49264523f66df24 286c82a0ee336b .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u22c49264523f66df24286c82a0ee336b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: history of the Atomic Bomb Essay NIDDM patients will likewise in the end need to infuse themselves. An individual can monitor their glucose levels by utilizing a glucose checking machine, which diabetics are not to attached to doing. Jabbing themselves with a lancet four times each day on their .

Evaluate the idea that gender and sexuality are socially constructed Essay

As of late sociologists have been contemplating the extraordinary degree to which sexual orientation jobs are found out. Numerous practices that have generally been believed to be hereditarily decided male or female practices end up being educated practices and in this manner subject to change in people in the future. In a synopsis of sexual orientation job socialization contemplates, David Shaffer (1979) calls attention to that by the age of two, kids have commonly figured out how to perceive â€Å"maleness† and â€Å"femaleness† based on garments and hairdos. By the age of three, youngsters as a rule have figured out how to favor sex-composed toys and perceive that young ladies become â€Å"mommies† and young men become â€Å"daddies†. By young, youngsters understood that they are relied upon to take part in proper sexual orientation conduct and on the off chance that they don't, they will meet with objection from other kids and grown-ups. Numerous sociologists have by and by scrutinized the estimation of such early sex job learning and brought up issues about how this learning can restrain later open doors as far as instruction and vocation determination (Howe, 1979). To see how sex and sexuality are socially developed we should take a gander at the versatile and useful nature of socialization. One can take a gander at the substance of socialization as versatile for the individual and useful for the general public. As versatile for the individual, the substance of socialization includes information vital for individual to adjust to the changing circumstance of their every day lives, while, as a capacity for society, the substance of socialization includes the information essential for its individuals to keep up a general public as a progressing element. Information on social principles, proper passionate conduct, social circumstances, specialized information, one’s self-character, and open capacities give people a capacity to modify their practices to each other in the various gatherings and circumstances in which they experience one another. Such modifications are essential for the progressing presence of a general public. Just individuals realize how to modify their practices to one another can the gathering exercises and connections which make up a general public be kept up. Just with a mingled grown-up populace can anything, for example, a general public be said to exist. The specific substance of socialization turns out to be profoundly significant as far as the make-up of the general public that one is watching. In the event that the substance of socialization were to change, people’s exercises and inspirations would change, and plainly the general public would change. Thus, on a sociological mission the substance of socialization is something to which the humanist ought to and must focus (O’Brien, 2001). Charles H. Cooley (1964), a pioneer of American socialization considers, alluded to an individual’s self-idea as a â€Å"looking-glass self†. Cooley inferred that our self-originations mirror our translation of the relations to our conduct of people around us with whom we interface. As indicated by Cooley, we not how others react to our activities, which creates in us an inclination about ourselves, which impacts how we see ourselves. For example an individual who drops something and catches another’s comment about how awkward he is, may come to consider himself a cumbersome person. We come to consider ourselves regarding our comprehension of how others consider us. It is through association that we come to apply to ourselves such marks as â€Å"kind† or â€Å"mean†, â€Å"awkward† or â€Å"graceful†. To consider oneself to be lovely is to cooperate with people who consider you to be meeting the standards of excellence. Regardless of whether one considers oneself to be an odd one out or a wonderful swan relies on the herd with which one swims. As a naturalistic and experimental journey for understanding the different parts of social the truth is that everybody the two impacts and is affected by society, human science is at last a mission for self comprehension. People creatures are not confined substances; we are not loners who live separated uninfluenced by each other. Or maybe, we are social creatures who must be completely comprehended when the social setting of our moves are made into account and painstakingly considered. So as to do the journey for sociological information it is important to have a comprehension of the sorts, uses and constraints of the different sociological apparatuses or strategies. The sociological mission can be the proper sociological guide or hypothesis (Shaffer, 1979). Presently I need to take a gander at public activity as a procedure and structure in the social development of sex and sexuality. Public activity includes procedures of socialization, culture, and abnormality. Figuring out the proper behavior in the public eye by means of socialization, creating and sharing of directions toward public activity through culture, and the negative authorizing of improper practices by means of the marking procedure of abnormality are general procedures, which are important to public activity, and found in all social orders. In spite of the fact that their specific make-up will fluctuate from society to society, these three procedures exist in every human culture. However, notwithstanding these procedures, there likewise exists in all social orders some moderately perpetual examples of sorted out public activity that sociologists allude to as social structures. It is inside and through social structures that the procedures of socialization, culture and abnormality occur. Similarly as the procedures of human life happen in the structure of the human body in this way, as well, the procedures of society occur inside and are impacted by social structures (Macionis, 1997). The most fundamental social structure around and through which public activity happens are gatherings; bunches go in size from moderately little casual gatherings, for example, families, to enormous administrations and formal associations, for example, organizations and legislative offices. All gatherings are made out of individuals who have met certain measures for enrollment, who assume certain comprehended jobs in the gathering, and who have a feeling of gathering having a place, which is now and then named a â€Å"we-feeling† or a â€Å"consciousness-of â€kind†. Gatherings, identified with each other as far as their performing comparable social exercises, together from the social structures called social foundations. For instance all the gatherings basically associated with instructive exercises together structure a society’s instructive foundation. It is through and in gatherings, and the foundations that they form that the fundamental social procedures of a general public happen. It is in social gatherings that the learning of socialization happens that social jobs are shared and followed up on, and that abnormality is found out and rebuffed. Individuals realize how to perform jobs in bunches since they know about the proper behavior which they created during the time spent socialization, since they share social understandings with other gathering individuals with whom they cooperate, on the grounds that they have a comprehension of what is viewed as freak and unsatisfactory conduct in the different gatherings to which they have a place (O’Brien, 2001). At the point when we think about how females and guys vary, the primary thing that normally strikes a chord is sex, the organic attributes that recognize guys and females. Essential sex qualities comprise of a vagina or a penis and different organs identified with multiplication, auxiliary sex attributes are the physical qualifications among guys and females that are not straightforwardly associated with generation. Optional sex qualities become plainly obvious at adolescence, when guys grow more muscles, a turn down the volume, and more hair and stature while females structure increasingly greasy tissue, more extensive hips, and bigger bosoms. Sexual orientation is a social and not an organic trademark. Sexual orientation comprises of whatever qualities a gathering thinks about legitimate for its guys and females. This is the thing that causes sex to change starting with one society then onto the next. Sex alludes to male or female, sex alludes to manliness or gentility, so sex you acquire and you gain proficiency with your sexual orientation as you are associated into explicit practices and mentalities (Gilmore, 1990). The sociological centrality of sexual orientation is that it is a gadget by which society controls its individuals. Sex sorts us based on sex, into various beneficial encounters. It open and closes ways to power, property, and even renown. Like social class, sex is a basic element of society. Science assumes a critical job in our lives. Every one of us starts as a prepared egg. The egg, or ovum, is contributed by our mom, the sperm that treats the egg by our dad. At the exact instant the egg is treated, our sex is resolved. Every one of us gets twenty-three sets of chromosomes from the ovum and twenty-three from the sperm. The egg has a X chromosome. On the off chance that the sperm that treated the egg likewise has a X chromosome, we become female. On the off chance that the sperm has a Y chromosome we become male. That’s the science. Presently the sociological inquiry is, does this organic contrast control our conduct? Does it make females all the more supporting and compliant and guys increasingly forceful and overbearing? (Macionis, 1997) Almost all sociologists take the side of â€Å"nurture† in this â€Å"nature versus nurture† discussion. The predominant sociological position is spoken to by the representative interactionists. They stress that the noticeable contrasts of sex don't accompany implications incorporated with them. Or maybe every human gathering figures out what these physical contrasts mean for them and on that premise doles out guys and females to isolate gatherings. It is here that individuals realize what is anticipated from them and are given diverse access to their society’s benefits. Most sociologists find convincing contention that if science were the chief factor in human conduct all around the globe we would see ladies as one kind of individual and men another. Actually, beliefs of sex change extraordinarily starting with one culture then onto the next and accordingly do as well, m

I Cant Read Any More Celebrity Memoirs

I Cant Read Any More Celebrity Memoirs Although memoir is one of my favorite genres, the past few years have seen a glut of celebrity (or celebrity-adjacent) autobiographies that have left me cold. In a way, I blame social media. We live in a world where people are constantly writing their own mini-memoirs, and the distance between the average person and a famous movie star seems to tighten every day. More than that, standards for what makes a celebrity loveable have changed drastically: glamour must be mitigated with self-deprecation. Multi-bazillionaires are under pressure to somehow exude normalcy.   I don’t know that any of this is definitively bad â€" I like knowing that I have things in common with people that I admire â€" but lately, the relentlessness claims of “relatability” ring hollow more often than not. It isn’t that I am anti the celebrity memoir I laughed out loud at Tina Fey’s Bossypants; Mindy Kaling’s Is Everyone Hanging Out Without Me was as adorable as Kaling herself â€" it’s just that I increasingly find myself completely unwilling to seek them out. While these books seemed to typify the digital age celebrity as one who is willing to include in their book color photos of their dorky childhood and speak openly about their insecurities or even mental illnesses, ultimately, they are a celebration of imperfections only up to a point. This isn’t the fault of Tina Fey or Mindy Kaling (or Anna Kendrick or Amy Poehler or anyone else). But I think that when writing a memoir, sometimes the fact of being a public figure can be almost a setback as much as might be the reason that someone picks up the book: celebrities, women especially, are limited by the need to maintain a certain image. Cuteness, for example, becomes a priority. A message to the readers (who are also movie viewers, Twitter followers, etc.) must be embedded within the story. My favorite memoirs are volatile, specific, obsessive, and occasionally gross. They’re unhinged. Sometimes they lack a neat “and here I am” finish. One of my favorite books I read in the past year, Love and Trouble by Claire Dederer, was a relentless reflection on marriage, middle-age, and sex in the author’s own life. Throughout the book, the author expresses ambivalence about the fact that her youthful days of partying and promiscuity in Seattle, which she spent surrounded by artists and musicians, have been replaced with the much quieter realities of raising children in the suburbs. What could easily have been a somewhat trite and nostalgic book is fractured and difficult, as if the author is genuinely struggling to connect the dots between her twenty-year-old and forty-year-old selves. A book that I liked slightly less but appreciate for similar reasons is Melissa Broder’s So Sad Today, a collection of essays so personal that at times I actually couldn’t believe Broder’s willingness to publish it. : Her eating disorder, her deepest sexual fantasies, and her open relationship with her partner all become fair game for Broder, and such topics are rendered in prose that is ferocious and a little unhinged. Perhaps it’s a little unfair to compare the works of professional writers like Dederer and Broder to the works of celebrities. After all, people like Amy Poehler write memoirs for very different reasons: to give advice, for example. But personally, I come to memoirs wanting to see someone speak about life in all its weirdness and complexity â€" and not necessarily with a moral of the story. I think my reasoning is also a little bit political: I like reading women who are messy and unrehearsed. These days, I’m just less interested in hearing voices that have been filtered through image consultants and undeniably affected by years of success. I think I’m picky about memoirs because I believe, most of all, that it’s a genre that encourages experimentation: with style, with narrative, and even with the truth. Memoirists navigate millions of choices about what to include and how to include in recording the story of their lives so far, but for me as a reader, the ultimate outcome of these choices has to be authenticity. And at a certain point, “relatable” stops feeling real. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The Causes And Results Of Bacon s Rebellion - 1499 Words

The causes and results of Bacon’s Rebellion had a significant impact on Virginia politics. It was the part of the continuing struggle to define between the Indian and white lands in Virginia. There were numerous disagreements on policies toward the natives. It revealed the bitterness of the competition between eastern and western landowners. Moreover, it was the potential for instability in the colony’s large population of free, landless men, who were former indentured servants that were propertyless and unemployed. These men had formed the group of Bacon’s supporters during the rebellion. They had become a large, unstable population, who wanted for access to land. Land owners in both eastern and western Virginia began to have a common interest in preventing social unrest. It was one of several reasons why they turned increasingly to the African slave trade to achieve their need for labor. The social unrest was created by the former indentured servants, who were propertyless and unemployed. 2. Mercantilism, the foundation of the English economy, contributed to increase the profitability of colonies and power of the English government to supervise them. Colonial commence would allow for England to export manufactured goods and import a source for raw materials it could not produce at home. England excluded foreigners from its colonial trade in order to monopolize trade relations with its colonies. Therefore, English government designed to regulate colonial commence moreShow MoreRelatedColonial Indian Relations And The Impact On Colonization1479 Words   |  6 Pagesa friendship with the Delaware after procuring land via purchase at a fair price as opposed to taking it by force. This peaceful relationship was further reinforced in 1701, when Penn signed a treaty with the Susquehannocks to avoid war. As a result, Pennsylvania, in its early years, was free from war with the natives and a safer environment contributed to the success of that settlement. Another example o f allied relations could be seen with Samuel de Champlain and the Huron and Algonquian. ChamplainRead MoreEssay about Racism and Slavery Hand in Hand1304 Words   |  6 Pageswas based on economic reasons. In the 1690s, many colonies turned from naval stores and fur trade to the cultivation of rice, sugar, and tobacco. These products required great amounts of land and capital equipment for large scale operations. As a result, there is an immediate search for the cheapest and experienced laborers: African Americans. The immense profits that the landowners gained continued the incentive to work the black slaves as hard as possible. In addition, the King Tobacco DiplomacyRead MoreSlavery : The Ironic Cornerstone Of The American Republic Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pagespreferred over slavery until Bacon s Rebellion of 1676, which is the first rebellion in the colonies. When Governor William Berkeley of Virginia denied the access of colonists moving westward onto indian lands, Nathani el Bacon and a group of formerly indentured servants took it in their own hands to drive out the indians living in the Virginia area by attacking all those who opposed (elites) westward expansion. In Bacon’s Declaration, he states that this so called rebellion is done with the consentRead MoreThe Effects That Slavery And Class Conflict Had On The American Republic1285 Words   |  6 Pagestogether and in turn have effected the creation of America as a republic. Bacons Rebellion, slavery as an institution, class division and conflict are the three events that will be discussed in this paper. Also, it will be shown how these three events impacted the creation of the American republic. The plot for Bacons Rebellion is the late 17th century in the backwoods of what is now Virginia, where poorRead MoreAphra Behns The Widow Ranter, similarities and parallels between the events and characters of the play and those of the English Civil War1961 Words   |  8 Pagesand justify Behns intentions, it is important to first review and relate the events and characters of The Widow Ranter in comparison to those of the English Civil War. The primary characters of interest are Bacon, the Jamestown Counsel, and the Indians/ Indian King and Queen. Clearly Bacon, who is called both a rebel and a general in the play is meant to represent Oliver Cromwell; the Indian King, who is called the Monarch represents King Charles I, and the Counsel of Jamestown representsRead MoreHow Successful Was Henry Vii in Dealing with Challenges to His Royal Authority in the Years 1489 to 1499?1646 Words   |  7 Pagesreceived three main threats to his royal authority: the Yorkshire Rebellion in 1489 ; the pretender, Perkin Warbeck (from 1491 to 1499); and the Cornish uprising in 1497. All of these threats were quelled successfully; however each one presented problems to Henry and highlighted his instability on the throne. I believe that Henry dealt with the challenges successfully, but his policies suffered as a result. In 1489, the Yorkshire Rebellion arose due to conflict between the Earl of Northumberland andRead MoreAlthough New England and the Chesapeake Region Were Both Settled Largely by People of English Origin, by 1700 the Regions Had Evolved Into Two Distinct Societies. Why Did This Difference in Development Occur?889 Words   |  4 PagesAround the 1600’s, New England started to develop a drastic population growth. This growth caused several problems for the occupants including, high prices on food, land, and a shortage of work for many because of the aggressive competition. Immigrants from New England began to prepare for a voyage that would be beneficial for some travelling to Massachusetts and not so much those who were travelling to Virginia. Although the settlers from the Chesapeake Bay and New England came from the same countryRead MoreEuropean Colonization Of The Americas1393 Words   |  6 PagesColony of the New World was a Puritan theocratic state in the early 1650s. Puritan leaders did not have much tolerance for people of other religions, and as a result, the Puritan government often persecuted and banished religious outsiders who tried to enter and live in their Puritan towns (Plymouth). Leaded by Nathaniel Bacon, Bacon`s Rebellion was a group of poor farmers rebelling against Indians, which were attacking their farms. Beside the problem with the Indian raids, farmers were strugglingRead MoreEssay on Discrimination Due to Skin Color1330 Words   |  6 Pagesforts be built rather than sending military assistance. Angry with his poor defense idea, Nathaniel Bacon assembled and armed a local militia. Bacon and his army reaped indiscriminate acts of violence against the Indians, going against the wishes of the governor. Jamestown was burned to the ground after the governor and his supporters were forced out to the eastern shore. Nathaniel died from natural causes a month after the attack, allowing Berkeley to return to office and the rebel groups to dissipateRead MoreA Critical Thinker By Asking Questions2707 Words   |  11 Pagessociety established whether it is knowingly or unconsciously. The fact that others rule us can eventually cause us to feel alienated and once we recognize that isolation, we begin to rebel. For people to shift from being heteronomy to autonomy, each must go through the Phenomenology of Rebellion. The Phenomenology of Rebellion has four steps: alienation, recognition, confusion, destruction and rebellion. Recognizing that you can be more than you or others think is necessary to the process of autonomy.

Top Social Security Essay Topics Choices

Top Social Security Essay Topics Choices Choosing Good Social Security Essay Topics For this reason, you'll get a selection of topics for your sociology papers, but you may still find it difficult to compose your sociology research paper. If you wish to learn how to compose great essays on sociology, just take the subsequent steps. Moreover, in-text citations will present your awareness of the various papers formats. At the conclusion of these list, you are going to discover links to a range of argumentative paragraphs and essays. Consult your teacher about sources you should utilize to be successful. There are varying views on whether or not a college education is needed in order to have a thriving life. The social issues research papers may appear easy to write in comparison with different topics, but still it demands an extremely creative strategy, a massive quantity of curiosity and capability to think beyond the box and search info in unconventional sources. The issue, nevertheless, is that not all businesses can be relied on to deliver quality essays on time so you need to be cautious in selecting one. The End of Social Security Essay Topics Social Networking makes it feasible to reach many folks in a really brief time. There are many kinds of social websites and it is on oneself to pick the one which they are comfortable with. Social media has far reaching influence on the youth, since they are the people who are most active on social media sites. They can be seen as a perfect replacement to con ferencing. Characteristics of Social Security Essay Topics Social Security faces long-term financial imbalances, but that's only one reason why it ought to be restructured. In principle, all citizens may qualify for entitlements at some time in their lives. What's more, the privatization of social security will probably add to the spread of bureaucracy. Furthermore, it's claimed by some people that privatization of social security is very likely to stop excessive costs connected with the program. Security is really a positive-feedback system. Many economists think that our Social Security system needs a lot of a significant overhaul if today's workers are to get future advantages. Social networking is among the biggest elements that we live with and can't ignore it. They is widely used to create awareness for causes that are important for the society. Who Else Wants to Learn About Social Security Essay Topics? So no wonder that the significance of security was significant from the very start. The value of social media cannot be ignored since it plays an extremely crucial part in our lives today. Though people believe education is a correct and will make society, generally, a better place for everybody, others feel there's no legitimate approach to provide a free college education as colleges would still must be funded (likely through tax dollars). Contemporary nurse call systems, for example, can be connected to the building mainframe system, providing an entire analy sis of a resident's lifestyle. The Little-Known Secrets to Social Security Essay Topics It won't be much of a persuasive essay if you select a topic that everybody agrees with your standpoint. The topical outline about the overall discussion of the subject region of social work is a simple supply of topics for essays on social work since it is structured in a manner that it's simple for students to discover and select certain topics. When you settle on the subject and pick the position on which you will base your essay, the remainder of the job can then begin. The primary aim of a persuasive speech is to deliver details about a specific topic to an audience in an appealing manner that will convince them to adopt your viewpoint. When it has to do with writing an argumentative essay, the most crucial issue to do is to select a topic and an argument which you can really get behind. For instance, the qualifications necessary to be a professional social worker is among the principal fields in the overall discussion of social work. A superb topic isn't sufficient to find a fantastic mark for your work. Social Security Essay Topics Secrets Perhaps the most crucial economic distortion due to Social Security is the fact that it substantially reduces personal savings. More information is found at repoweramerica.org. Your income wouldn't change because you previously pay the tax. In the USA for instance, spending on social security takes an important section of the complete budget. For families, protection of children and household members from cyber crime has gotten substantially important. It's now simpler and cheap to communicate and connect with people around the world. If you don't have a digital prese nce than for some people that you don't exist. Should you look around, you are going to observe social issues that affect society each day.

Business Plan African Second Kitchen Free Essays

1Executive Summary 1.1 Description of Business This restaurant/ethnic food business plan is a candid disclosure of African Second Kitchen business proposal. Our intent is to set realistic business expectations, and eliminate any questions about the profitability of this business venture. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Plan: African Second Kitchen or any similar topic only for you Order Now Entrepreneurs have a tendency to paint the restaurant business plan with a very optimistic brush, highlighting strengths and camouflaging the risks. We, as business owners, have a vested stake and financial commitment in the success of this restaurant. Our intent is to have a definitive business, financial, and marketing plan that not only serves our need for capital financing, but is utilised as our daily business roadmap. We have taken all precautions to validate our business and financial models, focusing on realistic projections. 1.2 Finance Required The total capital requirement to launch African Second Kitchen is ?40,000 of which ?35,000 is allocated to start-up capital, and ?5,000 as business operations cash reserve. This Plan is being submitted in order to secure a Business loan for ?25,000. The loan will be used towards Equipment purchase, Design, Construction, and Operational Start-Up expenses. Owners, Mr. Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Mr. Paul Sangosanya are investing ?6,000 in personal capital. Private Investors, who will be part owners with a non-managerial interest in the business, will contribute the remaining ?9,000. As owners, our commitment is to take personal accountability for all financial debt. We have taken the necessary precautions to ensure the business is fully capitalized, and have addressed all financial shortfalls to ensure a successful business start-up. Under a realistic scenario, the company should have over ?5,000 in cash balance the third year. Even with the worst-case sales scenario, we reach a Net Worth break even at the end of Year 5. On a linear projection, the entire financial debt will be retired by Year 7. 1.3 Business Differentiation Our concept combines variety, ambiance, entertainment and a superior staff to create a sense of ‘place’ in order to reach our goal of overall value in the dining/entertainment experience. We offer fair profits for the owners and investors, and a rewarding place to work for the employees. Our unique mode of business operations which we value as keys to Success are: Unique, Innovative Contemporary: The creation of a unique and innovative fine dining atmosphere will differentiate us from the competition. The restaurant will stand out from the other restaurants in the area because of the unique design and decor. We will offer a fine dining experience in an electric atmosphere. Product quality: great food, great service and atmosphere. ‘Spice of Life’ Menu: The menu will appeal to a wide and varied clientele. Our eclectic menu features regional specialties in African dishes from Ikokore-Ijebu, Asharo, Pounded Yam, Eba, Lafu-isu, Lafu-Elubo, Bokoto, Abodi, Gbegiri, Egusi-Ijebu, Efo-riro, Efo-Elegusi, Roasted Meat, Suya, Fresh Fish, Crabs, to Rice, Beans and Fried Plantain . Employee Retention Focus: Employee retention and development programs will be a primary focus and success platform for this business. Through these programs, we will be able to draw seasoned and elite professionals and build a committed work force. We have budgeted for a stock option program for Chef and Management positions to subsidize a lower salary base. This lowers our immediate overhead and attracts quality staff. Cost Control Focus: We will control costs at all times, without exception. Cost Control will be an integrated function of the restaurant from the onset. Cost control is about managing the numbers – interpreting and comparing the numbers that impact the bottom line. 80 percent of the success of a restaurant is determined before it opens. Our focus is to reduce the cost of goods sold to meet our profit margin goals by managing the following crucial elements of cost: Purchasing, Receiving, Storage, Issuing Inventory, Rough Preparation, Service Preparation, Portioning, Order Taking, Cash Receipts, Bank Deposits and Accounts Payable. We will use of this restaurant/ethnic food business plan to track actual costs against our forecasts in managing the business. Due to intense competition, restaurateurs must look for ways to differentiate their business to achieve and maintain a competitive advantage. Barking Dagenham redevelopment requires a place that will fit into the ‘new look’ of the community, one that is contemporary and entertaining. African Second Kitchen will fill that niche. 1.4 Business Credibility Entrepreneurs have a tendency to paint the restaurant business plan with a very optimistic brush, highlighting strengths and camouflaging the risks. We, as business owners, have a vested stake and financial commitment in the success of this restaurant. Our intent is to have a definitive business, financial, and marketing plan that not only serves our need for capital financing, but is utilised as our daily business roadmap. We have taken all precautions to validate our business and financial models, focusing on realistic projections. We have accomplished this as follows: Our financial model is rooted in industry facts, not optimism. We have based costs on our vast industry and practical experience with similar ventures, validation against National Restaurant industry cost averages, and analysis against local Barking Dagenham market averages. We have taken a collective look at all figures to make solid business estimates. Our business concept was derived from detailed Market Analyses. Instead of building a business around a preconceived concept, we analysed the market findings and built a concept around our consumers. In other words, our business is built to service an unmet consumer ‘want’. A buffered financial plan that ensures adequate capitalization. A contingency buffer is included in the start-up cost to ensure the business is not under financed, as well as giving the business adequate funding to sustain it in the first six months of start-up. Our industry experience confirms a longer ramp-up stage for restaurants over other retail/service businesses. A common mistake for new entrepreneurs, but fully addressed in this business plan. A solid Risk Mitigation Plan. We have evaluated traditional and non-traditional risks associated with Restaurant failure and accounted for them directly in the business plan. Instead of dismissing the risks, we have identified valid mitigation strategies for each. Deep Management Experience. Our management team has 20 years combined experience, involved with over 86 restaurant openings, and deep involvement with the Barking Dagenham restaurant industry. 2The Company and its Industry 2.1 Purpose of the Company 2.1.1 Mission African Second Kitchen will be an inspiring restaurant, combining an eclectic atmosphere with excellent and interesting food. The mission is to have not only a great food selection, but also efficient and superior service – customer satisfaction is our paramount objective. African Second Kitchen will be the restaurant of choice for a mature and adult crowd, couples and singles, young and old, male or female. 2.1.2 Objectives African Second Kitchen’s objectives for the first three years of operation include: Keeping food costs at less than 35% of revenue Improving our Gross Margin from 65.41% in Year 1 to 67.10 in Year 2 These are attainable targets; our ‘stretch’ is to attain 70.73% by Year Keeping employee labour cost between 25-27% of total sales Remaining a small, unique restaurant with eclectic food and service Averaging sales between ?525,000 – ?630,000 per year Promoting and expanding the African Second Kitchen concept as a unique Midtown destination restaurant. Expanding our marketing and advertising in Barking Dagenham and in the neighbouring Boroughs to increase our customer base Achieving a profitable investment return for investors for Years 2 – 6. 2.2 Company founders and Skills sets The restaurant will start out as African Second Kitchen Limited, owned by its founders, Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Paul Sangosanyaa. Mr. Sagosanya will function as the General Manager and Executive Chef, and Mr. Ajayi as Managing Partner. Mr. Ajayi and Mr. Sangosanya have a long-standing professional relationship in the restaurant industry, stemming back to Nigeria. Mr. Sangosanya is an accomplished restaurateur, having owned several full-service restaurants. He currently owns Currys Restaurant in Ijebu-Ode, and Mr Biggs in Lagos. Mr. Sangosanya is also an international Restaurant Consultant for top organizations such as Chicken Republic and Pizza hut. Mr. Ajayi has a background in International Business Management, and is certified in Restaurant and Hotel Management. Under the management of Mr Ajayi, Mcdonalds was a feature restaurant in London, and distinguished as a top 10 restaurant while under his management from 2002 – 2010. 2.3 Competitive Differentials Unique, Innovative Contemporary: The creation of a unique and innovative fine dining atmosphere will differentiate us from the competition. The restaurant will stand out from the other restaurants in the area because of the unique design and decor. We will offer a fine dining experience in an electric atmosphere. Product quality: great food, great service and atmosphere. Employee Retention Focus: Employee retention and development programs will be a primary focus and success platform for this business. Through these programs, we will be able to draw seasoned and elite professionals and build a committed work force. We have budgeted for a stock option program for Chef and Management positions to subsidize a lower salary base. This lowers our immediate overhead and attracts quality staff. 3Products / Services 3.1 Distinctive Qualities 3.1.1 Services Our food will be of the finest quality and prepared with exotic flare. Customer satisfaction is the driving force behind our success. We will change our menu every 4 months, but maintain the ‘favourites’ for loyal patrons. Portions will be modestly sized, garnished with stunning presentation. The kitchen staff will have the best in culinary education and work experience. Their creative talents will compliment one another. The lounge and restaurant staff will offer the finest service in an electric atmosphere and offer customers an extraordinary dining experience. 3.1.2 African Second Kitchen Menus The menu flows together to create complementary elements. Normal dining will have a reduced Appetizer and Entree selection, while the Fusion Dim Sum menu will have special items featured only for after-hours dining. The final menu will be defined by the Executive Chef and paired with the wine menu. We have carefully selected a premium wine, beer, and alcohol listing, from which we will choose a modest rotating selection. The menu will appeal to a wide and varied clientele. Our eclectic menu features regional specialties in African dishes. The list below offers a small selection of our opening menu offerings: Ikokore-Ijebu, Asharo, Pounded Yam, Eba, Lafu-isu, Lafu-Elubo, Bokoto, Abodi, Gbegiri, Egusi-Ijebu, Efo-riro, Efo-Elegusi, Roasted Meat, Suya, Fresh Fish, Crabs, to Rice, Beans and Fried Plantain. 3.1.3 Main Dish Amala Gbegiri with roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Pounded yam Efo-riro with roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Pounded yam Efo-elegusi with roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Pounded yam Egusi-Ijebu with roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Rice with Roasted Meat or Fresh Fish; Rice Beans with Fresh Fish or Roasted Meat; Rice Fried Plantain with Fresh Fish or Roasted Meat Bamboo Chicken Satay w/ kaffir lime and Sesame marmalade 3.1.4 African Second Kitchen Appetizers Suya, Crab, Pepper soup with fresh fish; Bread basket served with Olive oil, Black Pepper, and Goat Cheese dip; Blue Crab Fritters with Mango-Tamarind sauce; Crab Cake medallions w/ Shrimp Lobster; Mixed Seafood served with couscous siding 3.1.5 Salads Mixed Greens with Spanish sherry wine vinaigrette; Asian pear and Endive Salad with Blue Cheese Walnuts and Banana Leaf; Herb Roasted Chicken with Coo-Chee (House) spices 3.1.6 Desserts Chocolate Chunk Bread Pudding w/ Bourbon Cherry sauce; Second Kitchen Chocolate Explosion – Milk, Dark and White chocolate; Second Kitchen Fruit Plate; Specialty Drinks Coffees (?2.5 – 6.5) A key source of revenue for the restaurant will be alcohol and bar sales. The restaurant will feature exotic drinks on a separate menu. Alcoholic drink specials will be featured, as well as a large non-alcoholic selection. After-hours bar service will feature selections of non-alcoholic drinks to increase bar sales during lunch and after regulatory hours. Bar pricing is competitive; prices range from ?2.50 to 4.85. Non-alcoholic drinks will be in the higher price bracket due to preparation requirements. Prices will range from ?3.25 to 6.50. 3.2 Market Analysis Summary Instead of building a business around a preconceived concept, we conducted market research and built a concept around our consumers. Our market analysis identified the following key drivers as areas of opportunity to service Barking and Dagenham’s restaurant customers: 3.2.1 Menu Variety Ethnic restaurants are increasing in Barking and Dagenham. The proliferation of international cookbooks, food magazines, TV cooking shows and imported goods offers ample evidence that London and greater London, as a whole, is currently on an international tasting spree. In fact, eating places that identify themselves as ethnic establishments numbered nearly 78,000 in 2009 and recorded sales of ?20.5 billion. Our research results do not identify any single ethnic style of restaurant as desired, but rather suggest that incorporating strong multi-ethnic influences in the menu selection will be popular. Again, variety is the underlying element for this concept. 3.2.2 The Dining Experience Customer satisfaction with food and service has been and continues to be of utmost importance, but our findings indicate that the decor, lighting, bar, and other options to improve the dining experience are also factors in customer decisions. African Second Kitchen takes all these factors in consideration for the design of this cosmopolitan restaurant. 3.2.3 Reasonable Prices This was no surprise given the economic tide. Although the restaurant industry as a whole has seen growth in 2008/2009, customers are demanding value for their dining Sterling. African Second Kitchen’s menu is priced at a mid-tier level, with no Main Dish over ?15. In addition we have an extended Appetizer selection priced between ?2.50 – ?6.50, allowing budget dining in a full-service restaurant. 4Markets 4.1 Target Market Segment Strategy African Second Kitchen intends to cater for a wide customer base. We want everyone to feel welcome and entertained. We have defined the following groups as targeted segments that contribute to our growth projections: 4.1.1 Tourists Barking Dagenham attracts many vacationers during the summer months of May through September. African Second Kitchen will be a destination dining locale, with its attractive atmosphere, international menu, and lounge. A large percentage of the tourist population are vacationing singles, here to socialize and be entertained. This is especially true for the tourist population that visit for sporting and social events – they are not interested in family establishments. These particular market segments are 25-45 years old, have disposable income, and are seeking upscale, trendy, and comfortable restaurant options. These are the types of people who frequent other restaurants and bars in the area. They are likely to spend more on experiences they perceive as unique, cosmopolitan, and sophisticated. They are also the most open to trying something new, foodwise, and will embrace our international fusion cuisine 4.1.2 The Business Person They work hard all day and often stay overnight in a strange city. They need a competent establishment that helps impress clients and prospects. Afterward, they want to relax and use the money they are making (or are expensed by their company). They spend the most on drinks, food and tips. African Second Kitchen’s cosmopolitan flair and comfortable atmosphere will be perfect for sophisticated business people, whether they live in and around Barking Dagenham or are here for work. 4.1.3 Downtown Barking Dagenham’s Couples The restaurant will have an intimate, romantic, enticing adult atmosphere that suggests â€Å"date.† African Second Kitchen will be the best date location in town. These young Midtown couples are generally very successful working professionals. In most cases they are budgeting to eat out on a regular basis, as they don’t have the time to prepare food nightly. 4.1.4 The Destination Customer Barking and Dagenham is a very ‘sectioned’ city, and consumers often look only in their own neighbourhoods for restaurant options. African Second Kitchen will break these habits, using marketing to draw customers from outside the main city limits. African Second Kitchen will be a destination restaurant. Our Destination Clients tend to be new suburbanites that miss the excitement of the inner city. They have disposable income, and will spend quite a bit on such outings. African Second Kitchen will be especially appealing to married suburban couples indulging themselves with a â€Å"date night† downtown, away from the kids. Many of these consumers are new to Barking Dagenham from larger cities, accustomed to dining within the city and at non-franchised restaurants 4.1.5 High-end Singles We will attract them with our eclectic atmosphere and layout. Our international menu, striking decor, entertainment and events, excellent service and engaging clientele will confirm the feeling of being in â€Å"the in place† in Barking Dagenham. These are the individuals that pride themselves on socializing and dining at the premier locations – The Image Seekers. 4.2 Service Business Analysis The restaurant industry is highly competitive and risky. The owners know this through their many years of experience opening, running, and improving restaurants across Nigeria and at the International Scene. Most new restaurants opened by inexperienced owners struggle or fail. However, those based on solid understandings of the market needs, and management of inventory and staff have a much higher chance of success, especially when combined with prior experience in the restaurant industry. Restaurants make money by taking inexpensive ingredients, combining them in creative ways, cooking them properly, and selling them at a much higher price. Any ingredients wasted in the kitchen are money thrown out. Any time wasted in seating customers, taking orders or preparing food is money walking away. While some entrepreneurs think that success is as simple as a good location and a trendy concept, we know the truth: To succeed in the restaurant industry, you need an understanding of the risks and financial conditions, the ability to handle enormous pressure, and the organizational skills to bring off what is essentially a giant catered party, two to three times a day. 4.3 Strategy and Implementation Summary Our strategy is simple. We intend to succeed by giving people a combination of excellent and interesting food in an environment that appeals to a wide and varied group of successful adults. We will focus on establishing a strong identity in our community with a grand opening. Our main focus in marketing thereafter will be to increase customer awareness in the surrounding communities. We will direct all of our tactics and programs toward the goal of explaining who we are and what we do. We will keep our standards high and execute the concept flawlessly, so that word-of-mouth will be our main marketing force. We will create an appealing and entertaining environment with unbeatable quality at an exceptional price. As an exciting and eclectic restaurant, we will be the talk of the town. Therefore, the execution of our concept is the most critical element of our plan. All menu items are moderately priced for the area. While we are not striving to be the lowest-priced restaurant, we are aiming to offer exceptional food at reasonable prices for the average restaurant diner. 4.4 Possibilities for Growth within Market Segmentation 4.5 Competition and Buying Patterns In 2009, the top ten African restaurants shared two things: cosy, hip interiors and reasonably priced, regionally specialized menus. Only one of them offered traditional â€Å"British† cooking. And half of them were located in Midtown. Our competitors are heading in the right direction, but only African Second Kitchen is based on sound market research in the local market. Barking Dagenham consumers are seeking variety and new experiences. Location is clearly important, but so is atmosphere and distinctiveness. Our marketing challenge is thus to stand out from our competitors, not only as the â€Å"new† restaurant, but as one that offers consistently high quality food, menu variety, and a unique atmosphere. Maintaining our edge will depend partly on marketing ourselves as an adult-only destination, and not a family restaurant. 4.6 Failed Restaurant Analysis: Mumbo Jumbo Mumbo Jumbo was a strong competitor that was severely impacted by the patronage demise during the Financial Crisis. I also completed an analysis of this restaurant back in 2009. Several factors led to closing of this restaurant: 4.6.1 Location: This was a very cosmopolitan restaurant located in a core business community. The restaurant was hidden in cross streets and away from the general street traffic. This was a destination restaurant and a secondary selection for the general customer base in this area. Lesson Learned: As part of this analysis, we have determined that the downtown core is not a good fit for the African Second Kitchen concept. We will limit our site selection to Barking Town Centre. Barking Town Centre is major growth area and is developing the residential infrastructure in pace with the business infrastructure. 4.6.2 Customer Segment: The primary customer base is the business person and tourist. The largest percentage of this customer segment will be looking for a restaurant in which to conduct business or a family establishment; Mumbo Jumbo would not be a primary selection in either case. Lesson Learned: African Second Kitchen target market demographics are perfectly in alignment with the Barking Town Centre’s profile. Barking Town Centre has a business core as well as a residential core. We will look to the business core for our primary daytime business, but to our residential core for our dinner and after-hours patronage. In addition, the business core will look to African Second Kitchen as a place of socialization for dinner and after-hours unwinding. Mumbo Jumbo depended on the business segment for their lunch and dinner profits, and customers who would travel from outside the Borough to eat at the restaurant – there was no static dinner segment. 4.6.3 Visibility: Mumbo Jumbo was situated on a cross street behind the main street. Lesson Learned: Although being situated on a main street is not a key in the Town centre, we will ensure that visibility is part of our site selection criteria. In addition, we will use signage and exterior decor as means to attract customers and get noticed. 4.7 Competitors At the end of the day, everyone that sells prepared meals in this Barking is African Second Kitchen’s competitor, because we all compete for the same home meal replacement sterling. However, there are two segments of the restaurant industry that are our main competition: the casual dining restaurant and the fine dining value restaurant. So, if the food and service is better at a fine dining restaurant than a casual restaurant, but price has become a factor as a result of the economic turns, where is a customer more likely to goThere is no absolute answer to the question, but the solution is to deliver the best food at the best price with the highest level of service in one establishment. This is the very definition of value and the concept at the heart of African Second Kitchen’s business model. 5 Marketing 5.1 Promotion and Sales 5.1.1 Building and Signage The most important Marketing tool that we have is the exterior of our building, and our new sign. We budgeted a great deal into the renovations and decor to generate the aesthetic appeal of African Second Kitchen. 5.1.2 Customer Service: In our years within the restaurant industry, customer service has always been the major draw for the dining clientele. Food and atmosphere is far out-shadowed by superior customer service that turns a new customer into a repeat customer. Management will demand the wait-staff provide the very best in quality services to the customer, making certain that they are content and satisfied with their dining experience. Wait-staff are thoroughly trained, and every 90 days they undergo a performance appraisal. This is part of our Employee Manual, and Operations Manual guide. 5.1.3 Advertising and Promotion: Our Advertising Plan and media schedule call for targeting customers directly through local publications aimed at, respectively, singles, couples, and destination customers. Management recognizes the key to success at this time of initial opening is extensive media promotion. This must be done aggressively in order to accomplish our service goals. A healthy budget is allocated for the first year. A primary part of the budget is allocated to create the media and customer buzz for the month prior to opening and the next three months after the grand opening. The full Marketing program is as follows: 5.1.4 Media Objectives and Strategy: Establish our image as a unique Midtown restaurant with great service, value, and great food served in an eclectic atmosphere. We will maximize efficiency in the selection and scheduling of advertisements by: Selecting primary business publications with high specific market penetration, which all reach our targeted demographics Scheduling adequate frequency of ads to impact market with menu items and promotions. Where possible, positioning advertisements in or near entertainment/food related editorial. Redirecting customers to our website to register for upcoming functions, VIP lists, reservations, and flash media promotions. Maximizing ad life with monthly and weekly publications Additionally, we will develop a consistent reach and frequency throughout the year, targeting each specific customer segment within a five-mile radius, and new ‘suburbanites,’ who still appreciate in-town dining. 5.1.5 Promotional Campaign The best way to reach our potential customers is to develop an intense advertising campaign promoting our African Second Kitchen concept of â€Å"Spice of Life.† In addition to standard advertising practices, we will gain considerable recognition through newspapers, newsletters and public announcements. Consumers will be encouraged to visit our website to be greeted with a flash media intro that highlights the restaurant, past happenings, upcoming attractions and our dynamic menu. Our periodic customer surveys and weekly menu item sales evaluations will help us to understand what advertising is working and what is not; basically, who we are reaching. Our goal is to understand our customer, measure the success of our direct marketing and media activities, and redirect advertising as effectively as possible. 5.1.5.1 Publicity Strategy: African Second Kitchen will focus on the following publicity strategies: Develop a sustained public relations effort, with ongoing contact between key editors and top-level personnel at local dining publications. Develop a regular and consistent package update program for the major target media, keeping key editors abreast of all new promotions, and menu introductions. Establish contact with editorial staff for the purpose of being included in entertainment â€Å"round-ups†Ã¢â‚¬â€œproduct comparisons in dining publications and the local papers. Produce a complete African Second Kitchen Restaurant history and menu offering piece to be used as the primary public relations tool for all target media editorial contact. This will also be effective for inclusion in press kits. 5.1.5.2 Press Release/Grand Opening: African Second Kitchen Restaurant will release a series of press releases on the Grand opening. Editorial Visitation: Leading up to the Grand Opening, and over the first 6 months of operations, we will invite the most influential reporters and editors from all local publications to African Second Kitchen Restaurant in order to evaluate our menu, service, and atmosphere. Publicity Revenues: We anticipate at least 10% of our annual sales will be generated directly from our publicity. A full media kit will be sent to all local publications, and releases on new menu items will be made monthly. Community: African Second Kitchen will look for key opportunities to pair with local community development organizations and radio stations to interface with our customers. We will continually look for local community programs in which we can participate, in order to better our community, and give something back. Marketing Program In line with our Marketing strategy, we will employ three different marketing tactics to increase customer awareness of African Second Kitchen: In-Restaurant Marketing, Public Relations Marketing, and Media Marketing. Our most important tactic will be word-of-mouth/in-restaurant marketing. This will be by far the cheapest and most effective of our marketing programs. Word-of-mouth/In-Restaurant Marketing Restaurant Night: Every first Monday of the quarter, we will have a special evening for restaurant people. This will be a perfect night for the local area restaurant’s owners, chefs and staff to get together to discuss the market and food trends and possible Co-operative efforts to promote the Barking Town Centre. This is not a conflict of interest; it is an effort to increase visibility and patronage across the Town. Monthly Dating Connection: With the increasing appeal of Internet and speed dating, the restaurant will offer a monthly dating night. In addition to food and beverages, customers can choose from an array of dating packages up for auction. Wait Area Marketing: Wait staff will service appetizers to customers waiting to be seated or on the wait list. Special Events: Live Entertainment parties Valentine’s Day African Second Kitchen Halloween Masquerade party Wine tasting weekend New Year’s Eve party 5.1.6 Public Relations Marketing Barking Hospitality Tourism V.I.P. Party: We will host a V.I.P. Dinner before the ‘Grand Opening.’ This will serve the dual purpose of training our staff and introducing ourselves to the community. The list of individuals we will invite comes from the Chamber of Commerce, Barking and Dagenham Hospitality Tourism, and Barking Town centre Development group. We want their full commitment to the restaurant to draw the tourist sterling’s. Critics’ Choice: Prior to the Grand Opening there will be two preliminary parties catering to the Media and Critics community. We will encourage the media and restaurant critics to meet at the restaurant and review the decor, service and food. This will be a preliminary review, where we will consider constructive input to make minor revisions prior to the true Grand Opening. This initial review and input will give critics and media commentary a stake in African Second Kitchen’s success, through their contributions to the final design. Brochures: We will make a brochure for the in-town hotels and business establishments to provide to their guests and staff, containing interior pictures of our restaurant, menus and prices. Government Relations: There are several Government offices in the Barking and Dagenhan area. We will approach them to cater business luncheons and private functions. This will offer us higher visibility for future functions and community events. Word-of-mouth referral is very powerful and particularly amongst the business community. Private Functions: Target marketing to businesses for regular business lunch and dinner entertaining, and private functions. 5.1.7 Media Marketing Newspaper campaign: A much targeted media campaign to obtain featured articles about the restaurant in their Living, Entertainment and Dining segments. Notices of all live entertainment segments and special features will be posted to local newspapers’ calendar announcements. Restaurant and Special Events Website: We have contracted with local design teams to deliver a high-quality, navigable, constantly updated website. Billboard Advertisement: One month prior to the opening, distinct billboard ads will advertise the launch of the Restaurant. Inner Outer City Marketing: We will budget to attract customers from the suburbs. Sales Strategy We intend to succeed by giving our customers a combination of delicious and interesting food in an appealing environment, with excellent customer service, whether on their first visit or their hundredth. Our marketing strategies are designed to get critics and initial customers into our doors. Our sales strategies must take the next step and encourage customers to become repeat customers, and to tell all their friends and acquaintances about the great experiences they just had at African Second Kitchen. New restaurants often make one of two mistakes: they are unprepared or under prepared for opening, and initial poor service, speed, or quality discourages customers from returning, or they spend all of their efforts at opening, and are unable to maintain the initial quality customers expect on return visits, decreasing word of mouth advertising and leading to poor revenues. African Second Kitchen’s sales strategy requires consistently high quality food, service, speed, and atmosphere. We can accomplish this by: Hiring employees who genuinely enjoy their jobs and appreciate African Second Kitchen’s unique offerings Continually assessing the quality of all aspects mentioned above, and immediately addressing any problems Interacting with our customers personally, so they know that their feedback goes directly to the owners Evaluating food choices for popularity, and keeping favourites on the menu as we rotate seasonal foods and specials Sales Forecast 6 Design and Development 6.1 Service Development Stages 6.1.1 Milestones The following Milestones table lists important business milestones, with dates and managers in charge of each deliverable. The milestone schedule indicates our emphasis on planning and managing the details. 6.1.2 Web Plan Summary African Second Kitchen (ASK) will have a dedicated website. It will be the virtual business card and portfolio for the company, simple, contemporary and well designed. Our site will offer our menus, prices, reviews and happenings at ASK. We will also have a monthly Paparazzi Review about what did happen at ASK to get new customers interested in our restaurant. Our website will be used to try out new offers, starting with an on-line order feature for the Sunday Market Brunch, and expanding if the concept gains favour with our customers. A customer will be able to order a selection for pickup using a credit card. Selections will be based on our pre-packaged meals available during the Sunday Market Brunch. This is also a potential for customers needing catering. The website will include email capabilities and online reservations and special events scheduling. 7 Management and Operations 7.1 Management Summary The strength of our management staff positions us for success. We have assembled a team that embraces different disciplines, accomplished professionals with expertise in all areas of the business, including marketing and restaurant management. The owners, Ajetunmobi Ajayi (Managing Partner) and Paul Sangosanya (Executive Chef), have considerable experience in the restaurant industry. In Year 2, we will hire a General Manager to handle the day-to-day Restaurant management. This will assist African Second Kitchen to grow even further. You can’t build investor confidence based on what you will do, but you can inspire confidence based on what you have done. Attached is the portfolio of past success. This African Second Kitchen’s Management team has deep roots in the restaurant segment, and have the practical experience to make this venture another great success. 7.1.1 Management Team African Second Kitchen, with more than 48 years of experience between the key officers, understands the importance of a strong management team. The strength of our management staff positions us for success. Day to day operational management will be conducted by Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Paul Sangosanya, as hands on managers. They will be advice and supported by their Advisory Board. 7.1.2 African Second Kitchen’s Advisory Board Stephen Hollier of Hollier Collier Loewenthal: Corporate Attorney John Katz of SSG Financial Services: CPA Robert Shaefer of Shafer Hospitality Services: Restaurant Consultant Mary Zela of the Zela Group: Media Public Relations consultant 7.1.3 Ownership Management Together, Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Paul Sangosanya bring over 20 years of experience in the restaurant industry to their new joint venture. Ajetunmobi Ajayi: Managing Partner (Operations, Marketing, Financial and Business Development) Mr. Ajayi brings to African Second Kitchen an accomplished restaurant background, exceptional business acumen, and a lifetime passion for the restaurant experience. Ajayi has over 17 years of business management in the Information Technology industry. Like IT, successful ventures in the restaurant industry must balance capitalizing on new trends with continual quality assessment. Ajayi’s understanding of day-to-day cash flow planning and staff management will be critical to African Second Kitchen financial success. Mr. Ajayi has a background in International Business Management and Business Start-ups, and is certified in Restaurant and Hotel Management. As co-owner, Ajetunmobi Ajayi is responsible for overall direction and operational management. Mr. Ajayi is a strong business leader responsible for strategic planning and continued growth of restaurant services and business development. In addition, Ajayi will be the management lead for all public relations, financial and investor services. Degrees, Certifications, and Professional Affiliations: MBA in International Business Management B.S. in Computer Science Certified in Restaurant Hotel Management from Ryerson University PMP (Project Management Professional) certification Member of the Midtown Alliance Business partner member of the National Restaurant Association Paul Sangosanya: Managing Partner (Executive Chef and Restaurant Operations) Mr. Paul Sangosanya is an accomplished restaurateur, having owned several full-service restaurants. Mr. Sangosanya is responsible for the concept and the daily operations management, with yearly sales targets of ?5 million. In addition, Paul is the owner of Bauhaus Bar and Nightclub, and former owner of Myth Restaurant, Ouzeri, and Kapilyo Restaurant, all financial and critical successes. Mr. Sangosanya is also an international restaurant consultant for top international organizations. Mr. Sangosanya’s contracting responsibilities for African Second Kitchen included logistics, Site and Lease Negotiations, Concept Definition, Start-Up and Financial forecast, Menu and Operations Management, as well as Implementation and Launch Management. With a degree in Economics and an accomplished career, Mr. Sangosanya contributes the experience of his past successes, and is charged with leading the Restaurant Operations, Staff Selection, Menu Definition and Training initiatives for African Second Kitchen Restaurant Lounge. 7.2 Managing Partner Responsibilities In addition to the management of day to day operations, both managers, as principals within the company, will oversee menu development, purchasing, portioning, pricing and inventory control, including approval of all financial obligations of the company. They will plan, develop, and establish customer service policies and objectives, and write, explain, and enforce an employee’s manual for all employee-related policies. Responsibilities for hiring and firing employees lie solely with the two operations managers, and any decisions in these areas will be made jointly. They will: Manage working capital, including receivables, inventory, cash and marketable securities. Perform financial forecasting, including capital budgeting, cash flow analysis, pro forma financial statements, and external financing requirements. Prepare financial analyses of operations for guiding management, including reports which outline the company’s income, expenses, and earnings. Direct preparation of budgets and financial forecasts and arrange for audits of company’s accounts. 7.3 Personnel Plan We believe the personnel plan is in good proportion to the size of the restaurant and projected revenues. The staff will include 5 full-time employees and 2 part-time employees, who will work a total of 250 man-hours per week and generate an average monthly gross payroll of ?6,500 for the first year in business. The estimated gross annual payroll of ?132,000 (including Partner Salaries) is 25% of total sales. Wage salaries for service personnel (wait staff, busboys, and bartenders) do not include anticipated tips. Kitchen: The Executive Chef will be assisted by: An Assistant Chef from a national search (1) Prep cooks/dishwasher(1) People cleaning the restaurant (1) 7.4 Restaurant Operations: Ajetunmobi Ajayi will manage the Financial Management, Bookkeeping, PR/Media Advertising, and Investor Services. Ajetunmobi Ajayi will also manage the daily Restaurant Operations. Paul Sangosanya will be the Restaurant Manager. He will be primarily responsible for daily Restaurant Operations, taking care of Wait and Bar Staff. Paul will also take lead as the Executive Chef working with the Head Chef. To help Paul, he will have servers that will work as apprentices; they take care of service and make sure the restaurant is in excellent shape Full-time Servers(2) Servers that work as apprentice (2) Full-time apprentice bartender(1). Part-time bartender (1) Full-time apprentice busboy (2). Part-time busboy(1) Operating Criteria The restaurant will be located in Barking Town Centre. The restaurant will service lunch, dinner, and after-hours dining during the week and weekends. The restaurant will operate during peak service time to take advantage of street traffic, and after-hour patronage from the entertainment facilities in the area. Service will be available during the following hours: Lunch:Monday to Saturday, 11 a.m. – 2:30 p.m. Dinner: Monday to Saturday, 5:30 p.m. – 12 midnights Sundays – Market brunch takeout only. 7.5 Important Assumptions The financial plan depends on important assumptions, most of which are reflected in the financial statements that follow. We have been cautious with our projections, and incorporate mitigation for all manageable risks. The key underlying assumptions are: 7.5.1 Economy Slow Economic Recovery. We anticipate a slow-growth economy, recovering from an economic recession. 7.5.2 Business Growth Annual Growth Rate Percentage: We anticipate modest growth over the coming years. The financials account for the following growth projections: Year 2: 6% Year 4: 4% Year 3: 5% Year 5: 4% 7.5.3 Weekly Sales Variance Saturday will typically be our best sales for the week. The sales volume for all other days is represented as a percentage relative to Saturday. Therefore our weekly sales will vary as follows: Monday: 55% Thursday: 95% Tuesday: 60% Friday: 90% Wednesday: 75% Saturday: 100% 7.5.4 Seasonal Sales Variance In Barking, October through the late season is the most productive sales period, while the summer months tend to be the slowest restaurant period. This trend is reflected in the financials though a seasonal variance as follows (where October is targeted to be our most successful sales month): June: 70% October: 100%February: 95% July: 75%November: 95% March: 85% August: 80%December: 95% April: 90% September: 85%January: 85% May: 90% 7.5.5 Industry Start-Up Fiscal Year-1 Ramp-up: Our experience in the industry confirms a longer ramp-up stage for restaurants over other retail/service businesses. Our Annual Sales Growth is based on attaining the following seating capacity percentage per dining period: Year 1: After-Hours = 53%, Lunch = 70%, Dinner = 88% Year 2: After-Hours = 70%, Lunch = 82%, Dinner = 100% (implied wait period) Year 3: After-Hours = 80%, Lunch = 87%, Dinner = 100% (implied wait period) Six-Month Start-Up Stage: As a new restaurant entry to the Midtown market, the ramp-up in customer draw is expected to extend over 6 months. This is reflected in a higher than average monthly sales variance shown as follows (Worst-case / Expected-case): Month 1: 32% / 51% Month 4: 64% / 75% Month 2: 41% / 58% Month 5: 80% / 90% Month 3: 52% / 66% Month 6: 90% / 92% Market Analysis findings are static. We assume that there are no unforeseen changes in findings outlined in the Market Analysis. 7.6 Pricing Cost Control Competitive Pricing Model: Revenue calculations are based upon competitive price comparisons and established menu values in the current marketplace. The following are baseline assumptions on Average Check Totals, and Average Seat Turns: Daily average for lunch spending is ?5.50 per person, dinner at ?17.50 per person; and ?7.50 per person for After-Hours dining (All check totals include Beverages, but not bar). Seat Turn averages are modestly estimated at: Year 1: After-Hours = 0.7, Lunch = 1.0, Dinner = 1.0 Year 2: After-Hours = 0.7, Lunch = 1.0, Dinner = 1.0 Year 3: After-Hours = 1.0, Lunch = 1.0, Dinner = 1.25 Cost Control. Cost of goods sold have been calculated as a percentage of sales and will be monitored on a daily basis in order to keep Cost of Food within the range of 31 – 33%, Bar Costs within 28 – 31%, and Cost of Beverages (Non Alcohol) below 9%. With a focus on Cost Control, we anticipate 6 months to fine tune the restaurant operations and manage our costs within the defined tolerance range. Inventory turnover and Accounts Payable: Accounts receivable turnover is calculated to be 0 days, as payment is rendered with service. Inventory is turned on a 7 day cycle as inventory is used daily within all categories, and accounts payable are projected to be 30 days. 7.7 Risk Analysis/Mitigation How do we allow an adequate start-up period and capital to launch the concept and grow our customer base in a competitive sector Our financial plan is budgeted to support the Worst-Case business scenario. We addressed the financial risk as follows: We looked at our monthly break-even. We calculated worst-case monthly financial shortfall based on the ramp-up sales percentages outlined in our financial assumptions. We budgeted operational shortfall in an operational contingency budget that we will utilize if the need arises. How do we ensure we have addressed all resource gaps, and have the right industry knowledge Owners Ajetunmobi Ajayi and Paul Sangosanya have a combined 20 years of Restaurant Management, Operations and Business Management Experience. We will be recruiting a seasoned chef (national search) whose style is in accord with the Restaurant concept and our market segment. We will be offering an equity interest to our select Chef to maintain the industry knowledge. Our Accounting service will be contracted to a firm specializing in Restaurant accounting. The current Economic slowdown and recovery state was a key consideration in our restaurant concept. How do we manage a successful restaurant in current market conditions Our original effort was to open a restaurant twice the proposed size. As we are in the midst of an economic recovery, we have scaled back the size to reduce business overhead, start-up requirements, and business operating capital. Another risk mitigation strategy has been our overall Restaurant concept. We have the menu priced at a mid-tier level allowing budget dining in a distinguished restaurant. How do we confirm that our Funding Requirement is sufficient Paul Sangosanya has an extensive background in restaurant start-up. He is currently an International Consultant for various restaurant ventures, and we will use his expertise in past projects as a comparative basis. We have leveraged our membership with the National Restaurant Association to look at industry averages for this market segment for Restaurant start-up and Operations. Additionally, we included a contingency buffer in the financial estimates to account for any potential cost variance. We have worked with our Restaurant Consulting firm to validate our cost estimates to their industry knowledge. How do we know we have selected the right location for this concept Again we will draw on the Consulting group that has the expertise in site selection and lease negotiation. In all, there are no guarantees with location, but we took a very objective approach with our concept. Instead of going in with a predefined business concept, we let the Market Analysis define the need. Based on the results, the African Second Kitchen Restaurant concept was formed specific to Barking Town Centre. Site selection was based on space, visibility, and functionality; the city grant award confirmed our decision. What if there is an additional need for Business Capital after the Restaurant has exhausted its 6-month buffer Our intent is to be a self-sufficient business far in advance of the 6-month probation period. But as we are considering all contingencies, we have looked at this risk. We have accounted for an operational contingency budget that will be used to supplement any slow periods. Our next step would be to approach our private investors for capital by extending their return on investment. We would also look to the partners’ capital reserves as another source of funds. References Barrow, C., P. Barrow and Brow, R. (2005), The Business Plan Workbook (5th ed), London, United Kingdom, Kogan page Binks, M.R. and Ennew, C.T. (1997) the Relationship between UK Banks and their Small Business Customers, Small Business Economics, 9(2), 167-178 Mason, C., and Stark, M. (2004) what do Investors Look for in a Business PlanA comparison of the Investment Criteria of Bankers, Ventures Capitalists and Business Angels, International Small Business Journal, 22(3), 227-248 Reuvid, J., Millar, R. (2003) Start Run your own Business, London, United Kingdom, Kogan page Microsoft (2007) Business Plan Template, Microsoft Office 2007 Williams, S. (2010) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2010 (23rd ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2009) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2009 (22nd ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2008) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2008 (21st ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2007) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2007 (20th ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2006) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2006 (19th ed), Pearson Education, Harlow Williams, S. (2005) Financial Times Guides: Business Start up 2005 (18th ed), Pearson Education, Harlow How to cite Business Plan: African Second Kitchen, Essay examples

Lillian Chang Essays - French Nobility, Epistemologists,

Lillian Chang Michel de Montaigne The Essays Purity: The world is a place of chaos nowadays. At every turn of a corner, there is desolation triggered from humanity's sidetracked views of what the world is about. With all this deception and superficiality, pureness in the human soul seems almost non-existent. Michel de Montaigne recognizes the essential need of this purity for the improvement of society in his Essays. Although the main topics he is focusing own are his own nature, own habits, and own opinions, he uses these personal vignettes to illustrate larger truths about man and his behaviors, his strengths and weaknesses. He subtly forces us to see the materialistic ideals that supposedly make us happy and dares us to see how it has tainted our minds and souls. Through his work he sets out to encourage man in the careful study of himself, in order to understand life and the world around him. The meaning of purity in humans to Montaigne is expressed in his short note to the reader, to live under the sweet liberty of Nature's primal laws (3). To have purity meant to have simplicity, to live contently with what Mother Nature has given us and as little artifice as possible. What does Montaigne mean by artifice? Artifice is the unnecessary magnificence which drains away immediately from use or money (334). In On Coaches, we see Montaigne's frustration with society's tendency to attempt to gain respect with deeds of the purse-string rather than true deeds of virtue (338). He asserts that this type of generosity doesn't have any real influence because of the tainted intentions behind it. Montaigne urges us to see the limits of the mind that is shaped by shallowness and materialistic possessions. He speaks with a harsh tone, and against the ides of a universe which flows on while we are in it, how puny and stunted in the knowledge of the most inquisitive men (341), trying to wake society out of he oblivion of artifice it has settled itself on to. In To philosophize is to learn how to die he compares the span of human lives to the span of mountains and rivers, as well as to insects whose lives lasts a single day. Carnal aspects influence even the general fear of death humans' feel. I truly believe that what frightens us more than death it self are those terrifying grimaces and preparation with which we surround it (35). At times it seems as if he was writing in a state of frenzy because of human's ignorance of the insignificance issues they deem to be significant when compared to the powers of nature. His frustrations make him scold us in the place of Mother Nature. Why do you complain of me or of Destiny Do we do you wrong? Should you govern us or should we govern you? (35). He struggles to let us see that purity lies in nature, and when we rid ourselves of materialistic bonds, our fear of death, which is a duty of nature to give us, will also fade, setting us free. Montaigne begins his essay That we taste nothing pure with the statement The imbecility of our condition is such that things cannot, in their natural simplicity and purity, fall into our use. In where his sophisticated society fails however, Montaigne finds refuge in the native people of Brazil. In On Cannibals, he shows a more precise example of what he is proposing for his own society when he talks of pureness. He compares these natives, which he finds so amazing and pure, to fruits wild when then are produced by Nature in her ordinary course (82). He is hungry for knowledge at the society they live in, which is the society he believes to be ideal, they are governed by the laws of nature (83). The pure ignorance which they live, is what Montaigne urges his own society to have. To not know the meaning of fear in battle. To have a simple set of morals that involves only the necessity. He is able to defend these 'savages' whom practice cannibalism Throughout his writing, he constantly uses examples and quotes from other readings to give us a better view of the big